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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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STORIES, SKETCHES 



A NT> SPEECHES 



(IF 



GENERAL GRANT 



AT HOME AND ABROAD, IX PEACE AND IN WAR. 



INCLUDING 



niS TRIP AROUND THE WORLD, AND ALL THE INTERESTING 

INCIDENTS, ANECDOTES, AND IMPORTANT EVENTS 

OF II1S LIFE. 



)(llu«fratci!. 



EDITED 15 Y 

J". IB. McCLTJRE, 

M 

Compiler of " Moody's Anecdotes;'' "Moody's Child Stories;" "Edison and 

His Inventions ; " Entertaining Anecdotes ; " "Mistakes of Ingersoll;" 

"Lincoln's Stories," Etc., Etc. 



CHICAGO: 

RHODES & McCLURE, PUBLISHERS. 

1880, 






!<P 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, 

By RHODES & McCLURE, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 















Printed by 

Ottawat & Co., 

147 & 149 Fifth Ave., Chicago. 



Bound by 

KiNQSBEBr.T & Wilson, 

202 Clark Street, Chicago. 



7 



Y- 



: A WS fe 



We are specially indebted, in the preparation of this 
volume, to the writings of Messrs. Deming, Coppee, 
Eeadley, Badean, Larke, and John Russell Young; also to 
the press and friends. It is perhaps quite true that Gen- 
eral Grant has received more homage from the civilized 
world than any other man in the world's history. These 
Stories and Sketches, and we may add, Speeches, consti- 
tute, in fact, a very readable and exhaustive sketch-liiV ( .t' 
the world-renowned General. AVith a desire to dissemi- 
nate and perpetuate what is good ami noble in the truly 
great, the volume is submitted. 



J. B. McCLURE. 



Chicago, .November 10, 1879. 




A 

Anecdote of Grant at West Point 41 

A Remarkable Incident of Young Grant's Integrity— He Buys a 

Horse for His Father— All About the Bargain - - - 22 

An Inaugural Extract - 140 

A Confederate's Graphic Story of the Battle of Iuka 120 

A Speech of Gen. Grant over 2,000 Miles Long— From San Fran- 
cisco to Galena— What He Said - 204 

Address of General Grant to the Workingmen - - - - - 154 

Address to the Working People - 180 

Ascending Mt. Vesuvius 156 

At Burlington - - - 206 

At Fremont - 205 

At Galesburg 207 

At Home - -- 207 

At Omaha... 206 

At Pompeii . 104 

At Sacramento 205 

D 
Down in the Mines at Virginia City. 201 



Explosion of the Great Vicksburg Mine and Capture of that City, 122 



Farewell to San Francisco 205 

8 



coy TEXTS 



G 



General Grant's Birlh and Early Surroundings— A Noble Line of 
Ancestry— His Father and Mother 

General Grant at School— How He Mastered His Lessons— The 

Young Leader— His Early Character. - 21 

General Grant's Early Love for Horses — His Experience in 
"Breaking In" a Colt— lie Masters the "Ribbons" in His 
N i nth Year - - - ly 

General Grant's First Gun— Fired when a Two-Year Old Baby- 
He is Delighted with the "Pop," and Wants them to " Fick it 
Again " --- 17 

General Grant's Capture of a " Willing Prisoner"— Her Name was 

" Miss Julia"— His Marriage— Social Life in Detroit.. 80 

General Grant and President Lincoln in Washington 

General Grant's Address I- 1 

General Grant's own Description of the Battle of Fort Donelson . . 104 

General Grant's Private Letter to his Father, Describing the Open- 
ing Battle at Belmont. - 102 

General Grant's Private Letter to Sherman on the Lieutenant-Gen- 
eralship - - 

. teneral Grant's Words to the " Grand Army "... - 109 

General Grant as a Farmer— He Buys a Farm and Settles Down 

Near St. Louis 8 $ 

General Grant's First "Baptism in Blood"— The American Col- 
umns Torn to Piece3 before Fort Teneria— Tunnelling Walls 
and Fighting on Roofs of Houses— Grant " Foremost in the 
Ranks"... -~- 53 

General Grant's First Battle— Called from the Swamps of Louis- 
iana to the Plains of Mexico— At Palo Alto and Resaca— 
Leaping Into the "Ravine of Palms "-His Grand Bayonet 
Charge 50 

General Grant's First Half Year of War— It Opens on Fields of 
Sublimest Imagery, but they are Storied in Human Sacrifice 
and Midnight Superstitions— Grant Amid Pyramid-, Smoking 

Mountains, and on the Heights of Chapultepec. 61 

General Grant's First Official Compliments as a Soldier— The 

First " Brevet " - 56 

General Grant's First Siege— He Personally Supervises Twelve 
Miles of Trench and Parallel, from which he Shatters the En- 
emy's Redoubts and Bastions 55 

General Grant and Prince Bismarck— An Interesting Interview 

between Two Remarkably Great Men — 171 



10 CONTENTS. 

General Grant's Celebrated Liverpool Speech 152 

Gen. Grant's Great Speech in Birmingham- - 183 

General Grant in Paris 155 

General Grant's Reception in Salford and Leicester 147 

Gen. Grant's Return 192 

General Grant's Speech in London, and Private Letter to a Friend 

in America, Describing His Travels 148 

General Grant's Class-mates at West Point— Who they Were, and 

What they have Done— An Interesting Biographical Series.. 45> 

General Grant in Oregon — Watching the Indians 83 

General Lee's Generous Compliment to General Grant 138 

General Lee's Surrender to General Grant— The Decisive Letters 
which Ended the Rebellion — Grant's own Account of his 

Meeting Lee 132 

General Smith's Graphic Description of Grant's Galena. Life- 
Laughable Reception by his Regiment 93 

Governor Yates' Story of How Grant Got into the Army 9G^ 

Grant's First Movements in the Great Rebellion, and his First 

Little Speech 90 

Grant as a Citizen of Illinois— His Life in Galena — What he Knows 

About Leather - 91 

Grant's Speech in Glasgow ITT 

Grape and Canister — Fired at Random— Many Interesting Little 



on 
OS 

Greece and Rome - 185. 



Things About Young Grant - .- o2 



How General Grant Received the Name "Hiram Ulysses"— And 
How the Change was Made to " Ulysses Simpson " — And then 

to "Uncle Sam" 24 

I 

In Constantinople 168 

In Edinburgh - 176 

In Egypt - ----- 162 

In Jerusalem 170 

In Russia - - 186 

In the Orient 188- 

In the Yosemite Valley— The " Loveliest Panorama Ever Seen" — 

Grant's Little Stories. 194 

Interesting Grant-Talks on his Generals - 20& 



CONTENTS II 

L 

" Let us Have Peace" IT- - 

Liieutenant-General Grant's Farewell Address to the Soldiers 137 

Lieutenant (Irani Witnessing General Scott's Triumphal : Entry 

into the City of Mexico— Whal He Sees from the Grand Plaza. 7G 

O 

OiF for Europe— Genera] Grant's Good-Bye to Old Friends.. 1 12 

On a Foreign Shore— General Grant's Arrival in Liverpool— The 

Welcome Words— His Address in Manchester 1 H 

On to Mexico — Grant's First Experience in Capturing a Capital — 
A Great and Glittering City Approached by the High-ways of 
Death — Grant's Active Part in the Dreadful Struggle 05 

P 

President Lincoln's Congratulations to General Grant, and Lin- 
coln's Little Joke 129" 

President Grant — Closing Scenes in the White House — His 

Opinion of his own Administration 141 

Q 

Queen Victoria and General Grant at Dinner— A Very Happy 

Affair 153 

R 

Remarkable Instance of Grant's Generalship at the Age of Twelve 

— How He Loaded Big Logs all Alone — His Father's Surprise 25 

S 

ch at Newcastle 178 

Speech in Brighton 184 

Speech in Sheffield— Grant's First Penknife 182 

T 

The First "Flank Movement "—An Opposing Army which Grant 
Thought Best to Pass Around, with Heavy Margins, to " the 
Left"— Scaling the Heights of Cerro Gordo 58 



12 CONTENTS. 

The Race— Parallel Generals— On a Four- Year Race Grant Comes 

in Ahead, - 108 

The Reported Story that Grant Borrowed Money in Galena to 

Equip Himself for the "War 98 

The Science of War— General Scott is Grant's Teacher— Theory 

vs. Practice - 77 

The Shiloh Victory, as Described by an Eye-witness 111 

The Siege of Corinth — An eloquent Description by a Participant- . 117 

V 

Vicksburg's Surrender — An Interesting Interview Between General 

Grant and the Confederate General, Pembcrton - 127 

W 

"What a Fellow Comrade says of Young Grant at West Point— A 

Splendid Record 42 

Young Grant and the Ladies — Escorting Under Immense Diffi- 
culties ' 32 

Y 

Young Grant's First Victory — He xiccepts a Ring-master's Chal- 
lenge to Ride the " Circus Pony" — An Exciting Occasion to 
Everybody but Grant 19 

Young Grant a Cadet at West Point — An Interesting Account of 

His Life at that Institution 36 








. ,. ^* .;. 



CLASSIFICATION. 



s 



i^^fi^wT— ««- 





; i* 



Boyhood - 17 

At West Point - 36 

In Mexico. - - - - 50 

Gen. Grant's Marriage 80 

In the Far West - 83 

The Farmer 83 

In Illinois - - 01 

S 
In the Rebellion 96 

As President - - 1 40 

Around the World - 114 

at Talks 209 

p 

if ' 





Banks of the Nile. 145 

Birthplace of General Grant. 29 

Capitol at Washington 140 

Cascades 85 

Cathedral at Slraslurg 174 

Constantinople 169 

"Dave" .- 27 

Departed Glory 165 

Egypt 163 

Elephant Worship in the East 189 

En Route 16 

Examination at West Point 43 

Frontispiece 4 

General Grant After his Return 193 

Going to the Store 91 

Grant on Horseback 23 

Interior Great Cathedral, City of Mexico..- 67 

Jephthah's Vow 171 

Mirror Lake, Yosemite. 197 

Naples and Mt. Vesuvius 157 

Napoleon Witnessing the Burning of Moscow 187 

President Grant Reviewing the Cadets at West Point — His Old 

Playground Thirty Years Before 37 

Storm 123 

Street in Cairo 167 

Summit of Popocatapetl 59 

The Domes, etc., Yosemite 199 

The Old World 149 

The Pyramid of Cholula 62- 

The State Capitol at Springfield, 111 94 

14 



ILLUSTBATIOX • 15 

Tropical Climes 5] 

Tropical Gardens 75 

I* lyases and his Colt... Is 

Unforgottcn 97 

Venice 17!» 

Victor}-. 20 

"War in Ancient Times 10G 

Wild Elephants 191 





En Route. 



STORIES AND SKETCHES 

-OF— 

GENERAL GRANT, 



BOYHOOD. 

General Grant's First Gun— Fired when a Two-Year Old Baby- 
He is Delighted with the ''Fop" and Wants 
them to 'Tick it again." 

When General Grant was but two years old, his father 
one day "took him in his arms and carried him through 
the village for the purpose of giving young Ulysses -nine 
fresh air and also allowing him to enjoy the benefits of a 

le martial music in connection with a "public parade" 
being given by the villagers al the time. 

A young gentleman of military bearing soon "sighted" 
1 coming General " and was seized by the strange in- 
fatuation of trying the effect of a pistol shot on young 
Ulysses' ears. After due consultation, the father consented, 
though as he said, " thechild had never seen a gun or pistol 
in hie lite." 

The young gentleman now presented his loaded pistol 
and the baby-fingers were accordingly pressed upon the 
trigger and he wa- told to "pull away," when the weapon 
wasquickly discharged with a tremendous bang ! 

The littie fellow exhibited no alarm whatever, neither 
winking nor dodging, but presently pushed the pistol away, 



17 



18 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 



and called out in his childish way : " Fick it again, fick it 
■again. ," 

The wondering villagers, we arc credibly informed, de- 
tected the future warrior in the marvelous composure 
which young Grant exhibited on this, his first experience 
■" under fire." 



General Grant's Early Love for Horses — His Experience in 

"Breaking In" a Colt— He Masters "The Ribbons" 

in His Ninth Year. 

From General Grant's father we learn that young Ulysses 
first and " ruling passion,"' almost from the time he could 
■" go alone," was for horses. 




Ultsses and His Colt. 

"Wlien only seven and a half years old, on a certain occa- 
sion, he took advantage of his father's absence from home 
for a day, to harness up a three-year old colt, which though 
accustomed to the saddle, had never before had a " collar 
■on ! ' : Young Ulysses not only succeeded in harnessing 
the vigorous little horse, but he hitched him up in first-class 



BOYHOOD. I' 

style to a sled which was on the premises, r and spent the 
whole delightful day in hauling brush. This was a won- 
derful feat for bo small a boy. 

By tlic time he was eight, ho could ride a horse at full 
speed bare-back and Btanding on one fool ; at eight and a 
half years, he was a regular "driver" in all senses of that 
word, hauling wood for his lather and making himself gen- 
erally useful; and at ten years of age we find him Lncharge 
of a "spanking pair" of horses which, on a certain occa- 
sion, he drove forty miles down to Cincinnati, all alone, re- 
turning with a full load of cash-paying customers! 

In thewords of his father, ""Whatever he undertook to 
ride he rode" and nothing could shake him off. He early 
began to break horses himself and developed a wonderful 
faculty for teaching them to "pace " — a knack which would 
have given him plenty of work from the neighbors, if he 
had not considered it rather degrading to do it for money 
and accordingly he refused to accommodate them. 



Young Grant's First Victory — He Accepts a Ring-master's Chal- 
lenge to Ride the "Circus Pony" — An Exciting 
Occasion to Everybody but Grant. 

An anecdote is dropped by the paternal gossip, which 
deserves to be preserved as a graphic description of a scene 

through which many -mart lads have passed, and as indi- 
cating in this particular instance some of that pluck, and 
tenacity of will, which distinguished the Wilderness cam- 
paign. 

" ( >nce. when he was a hoy. a -how came along, in which 
there was a mischievous pony, trained to go round the 
ring like lightning: and he was expected to throw any boy 
that attempted to ride him. 



20 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

"'Will any boy come forward and ride this pony?' 
shouted the ring-master. 

" Ulysses stepped forward, and mounted the pony. 

" The performance began. Round and round and round 
the ring went the pony, faster and faster, making the great- 
est effort to dismount the rider; but Ulysses sat as steady 
as if he had grown to the pony's back. 

" Presently out came a large monkey, and sprang up be- 
hind Ulysses. The people set up a great shout of laughter, 
and on the pony ran; but it all produced no effect on the 
rider. 

" Then the ring-master made the monkey jump up onto 
Ulysses' shoulders, standing with his feet on his shoulders, 
and with his hands holding on to his hair. 

"At this, there was another and a still louder shout; but 
not a muscle of Ulysses' face moved ; there was not a tre- 
mor of his nerves. 

"A few more rounds, and the ring-master gave it up; he 
had come across a boy that the pony and the monkey both 
eould not dismount." 

Young Grant dismounted amid the deafening plaudits 
of the multitude calm, cool and conscious of victory ! 




VICTORY ! 



boy noon. 21 

General Grant at School — How He M. stored His Lessons —The 
Young Leader— His Early Character. 

Young Grant at school supplied bis wanl of quickness 
by a dogged diligence which demanded, in every case, the 
"unconditional surrender**' of his tasks. He always at- 
tacked a knotty question with " slow, but sure, v approaches. 

When temporarily thwarted always "fought it out on that 
line." until he eventually won. 

It is said on good authority, that he told his teacher one 
day — in view no doubt of some stupendous undertaking — 
that the word " can't *' was not in his dictionary. 

He frequently committed to memory whole pages which 
he did not understand, with the comfortable assurance that 
they would not be wasted upon his niaturer intellect. In 
fact, the genuine manliness of his feelings, and the dignity 
of his deportment, when a boy at school, prognosticated the 
Bterling characteristics which the man veils under a charit- 
able spirit and an unpretending demeanor. 

It is said that an astounded phrenologist, who. during 
these early days, on a certain occasion, while manipulating 
the young General's cranium, exclaimed with prophetic 
emphasis : " Yon need not bo surprised, if at some day 
this boy fills the Presidential chair." 

A.8 a boy " out of school " young Grant seems to have 
n as modest, retiring, and reticent a- lie ha- been in his 
subsequent career; yet he always manifested a proper 
amount of confidence in his ability to do any thing which 
was to be expected of a hoy of his size and year.-. Among 
boys he was regarded as a leader: vet. without forwardness. 
he rather .-ought the company of older persons. 

Efts disposition was peaceable, yet would .-land no im- 
position upon what he considered hi.- rights; ami when 
forced into a corner could light as well as any one. The 
current story of his " flogging a captain " is, on his own 



22 S10RIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

authority, untrue; and it is said by those who know him 
well, that he never had a personal controversy in his life. 
Profanity was a vice which he was peculiarly free from, 
both in boyhood and in his subsequent military career. 



A Remarkable Incident of Young Grant's Integrity — He Buys a 
Horse for His Father — All About the Bargain. 

A popular story which was current among young Grant's 
companions, and which to a remarkable degree illustrates 
his honesty, was concerning a horse trade in which he was 
engaged. 

It appears that when he was about twelve years of age, 
his father sent him to purchase a horse of a farmer, named 
Ralston, who resided some short distance in the country. 
The elder Grant wanted the horse, but still desired to get 
it as cheaply as possible. Before starting, the old gentle- 
man impressed upon young Grant's mind that fact in these 
words : 

" Ulysses, when you see Mr. Ralston, tell him L have 
sent you to buy his horse, and offer him fifty dollars for it. 
If he will not take that, offer him fifty-five dollars; and 
rather than you should come away without the horse, you 
had better give him sixty dollars." 

Off started the boy, and in due course of time arrived 
at Ralston's farm-house. He had carefully studied ovei 
in his mind his father's instructions, and of course intended 
to do as his parent had told him. Mr. Ralston, however, 
threw him off his balance, by putting the following direct 
but natural question to him : 

" How much did your father tell you to give for him?" 

Young Ulysses had always had it impressed upon his 
mind by his mother, that the truth must be spoken at all 
times, and therefore he replied : 



a 

t- 
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en 
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W 

00 

W 

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PJ 

B 
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a: 

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24 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GRANT. 

" Why, father told me to offer you fifty dollars at first; 
and that if that would not do, to give you fifty-five dollars; 
and rather than come away without the horse I was to pay 
sixty dollars." 

Of course Kalston could not sell the horse for less than 
sixty dollars. 

" I am sorry for that," returned Grant, " for, on looking 
at the horse, I have determined not to give more than fifty 
dollars for it, although father said I might give sixty. You 
may take fifty if you like, or you may keep the" horse." 

Ulysses rode the horse home! 



How General Grant Received the Name " Hiram Ulysses " — 

And How the Change was Made to "Ulysses 

Simpson"— And then to "Uncle Sam." 

According to the testimony of the father, the maternal 
grandmother of General Grant was greatly fascinated with 
the exploits of the wily Ithican chief who introduced the 
famous wooden horse into Troy and was anxious that the- 
first born of Jesse's house should be named Ulysses. 

The maternal grandfather, it is said was equally capti- 
vated with Tyrian history and was determined that the 
child should be christened Hiram. 

This family jar was finally compromised by bestowing 
upon the coming General the names of both of the old 
people's heroes ; and he was accordingly called Hiram 
Ulysses. 

' This name he bore until he was seventeen years of age, 
at which time he was recommended to the Secretary of 
War by the Hon. Thomas L. Hamer, a member of Congress 
from Ohio, for a cadetship in West Point, by the name of 
Ulysses Simpson Grant. 

This serious mistake on the part of the Congressman, it 



BOYHOOD. 25- 

is said, was occasioned by the fact that Simpson was the 
maiden name of General Grant's mother and also the 
Christian name of one of theGeneral's brothers. But from 
whatever cause the mistake may have occurred, to 1'lvsses 
IS. Grant the commission was issued, appointing him to the 
Military Aucademy, and by this name he was entered upon 
it:- roster. 

Young Granl afterwards applied to the authorities at 
West Point and the Secretary of War to have the blunder 
corrected, but his (•"inj.ani.Mi> and the eternal fitness of 
things were against him. Hi- request was unnoticed. 
His comrades at once adopted the initials ('. S. in his 
behalf and christened him " UncleSam? a nickname that 
he never lost; and when lie graduated in 1843, twenty- 
first, in a class of thirty-nine, his commission of brevet 
second lieutenant and his diploma, both styled him 
Ulysses S. Grant, by which name he has since been known. 



Remarkable Instance of Grant's Generalship at the Age of Twelve 

— How He Loaded Big Logs all Alone — 

His Father's Surprise, 

An anecdote is related hv General ( J-rant's lather concern- 

i 

ing young Ulysses which aptly illustrates the u grit" of the 
" coming General," as well as the faculty of adaptation of 
circumstances. 

Mr. Grant, who had a contract for building the Brown 
County jail, had need of a number of logs some fourteen 
feet in length, and Ulysses, then in his twelfth year, vol- 
unteered to drive the team until the loirs were hauled, if 
his father would purchase a certain horse which he thought 
an excellent match lor another which he then owned. 

His lather consented and young Ulysses began work. 

One cloudy April morning when rain was threatened,. 



36 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

Ulysses went as usual for his load. After a long trip, he 
came back with his logs, and as Jesse — his father — and 
the hired man were unloading them, he remarked : 

" Father, it's hardly worth while for me to go again to- 
day; none of the hewers are in the woods. There is only 
•one load left; if I get that now there will be none for me 
to haul in the morning." 
" Where are the hewers?" 

" At home, I suppose. They haven't been in the woods 
this morning." 

" Who loaded these logs?" 

" Dave and me." (Dave was the name of the horse.) 
" What do you mean by telling me such a story?" asked 
the clear-headed father. 

"It is the truth. I loaded the logs with no help but 
Dave's." 

It was the truth. For this hauling, the body of the 
wagon had been removed and the logs were carried upon 
the axles. It was a hard job for several men to load. 
They would take the wheels off on one side, let the axles 
down to the ground, lift on the squared logs with hand 
spikes, then pry the axles up with levers, and put the wheels 
on again. That a mere boy could do this alone was incred- 
ible, and Jesse inquired : • 
"How in the world did you load the wagon?" 
" Well, Father, you know that sugar tree we saw yester- 
day which is half fallen, and lies slanting, with the top 
caught in another tree, I hitched Dave to the logs, and 
drew them up on that; then backed the wagon up to it and 
hitched Dave to them again, and one at a time, snaked 
them forward upon the axles." 

The ingenious lad had used the trunk of the fallen tree, 
as an inclined plane, and after hauling the logs upon it, so 
that they nearly balanced, had drawn them endwise upon. 




"DAVE." 



28 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

his wagon underneath with little difficulty. The feat made 
him quite celebrated in the neighborhood. 

It indicates a tendency to supplement physical weakness 
by head work. It is one of the most significant incidents 
related of his boyhood. It strongly foreshadows a disposi- 
tion not to be thwarted by trifles ; a precocious superiority 
to mere obstacles, which, when fully developed, might be 
expected to overcome those difficulties which are pro- 
nounced insurmountable. 



General Grant's Birth and Early Surroundings — A Noble Line oi 
Ancestry — His Father and Mother. 

Ulysses S. Grant was born April 27, 1822, in an humble 
frame cottage, at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, 
near the mouth of the Miami on the northern bank of 
the Ohio Eiver, about twenty -five miles above Cincinnati. 

Here he grew up to years of discretion amid the change- 
ful skies, variable climate and productions, of the northern 
half of the temperate zone. His first tottering steps were: 
unquestionably bounded by his fathers tannery, which is 
presumed to have been within convenient distance of the 
paternal abode. He peers with the big eyes of wonder 
into the curious mysteries of the tan vats ; he gazes, 
doubtless with mute astonishment at the towering steam- 
boat, puffing spasmodically as its huge mass plows the' 
Ohio. 

Like innumerable other boys, with more or less fancy 
his uninitiated eye begins, gradually, to admire the shifting 
scenery of the heavens as sinking day brings out the more 
splendid pageant of the night, until the stars in turn, one 
by one, fade away before the purpling dawn. He exults 
in the voice of spring, the song of birds, the green luxu- 
riance of summer, the golden abundance of the harvest, the 



BOYHOOD. 



29 



masquerading attire of the autumnal forests. lie pines, 
too, perhaps at the falling leaf, the wailing winds, the 
naked tree-tops, the morning frosts, the white fall of snow 
descending on the fading landscape, and the dancing and 
murmuring waterswhich he loved, wrapped in the chilling 
embrace of the ice. 

General Grant is connected with a noble line of ancestry. 
lie is descended from an ancient and worthy Connecticut 




BinTUPLACE or (Jen. Grant. 



family, the immigrant ancestor of which was Matthew 
Grant, who came over from England in L630, in the ship 
•• Man- and John," and with his fellow-passengers founded 
the town of Dorchester (now South Boston), fiiass. 

In 1636 he was one of the company who settled the 
town of Windsor, Connecticut, and was an active and 
prominent citizen, being a notable land surveyor, a faithful 



30 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

and remarkably conscientious town clerk and an influential 
member of the Church. 

His great-grandson, Noah Grant, located at Tolland, 
Connecticut, and his son Noah removed to Coventry, about 
1750, and was a Captain in the Crown Point Expedition 
of 1755, in which he and his brother Solomon were killed. 
His son Noah, General Grant's grandfather, was a lieuten- 
ant of militia at the battle of Lexington, in 1776, and 
served in the Continental Army during the entire Revolu- 
tionary War. 

He removed from Coventry to Westmoreland County, 
Pennsylvania, about 1787, and there married, as his second 
wife, Rachel Kelley, in 1791. His son by this second 
marriage, Jesse Root Grant, the father of the hero, was 
born in Westmoreland County, in 1791, from whence, when 
lie was five years of age, the family removed to what is 
now Columbiana County, Ohio ; and again, when he was 
ten years old, to Deerfield, Portage County, in the Western 
Reserve. 

His father dying the next year, 1805, the family became 
somewhat scattered ; and during the War of 1812, Jesse, 
with his mother and the younger children, removed to 
Maysville, Kentucky ; the northern part of Ohio being 
unsafe for women and children, on account of the dangers 
from the British and their Indian allies. In 1815, being 
then of age, he established himself at Ravenna, Ohio, in 
the tanning business, to which he had served a full appren- 
ticeship. Driven from thence in 1820 by the prevalence 
of the fever and ague, he removed to Point Pleasant, Cler- 
mont County, Ohio, on the Ohio River, twenty-five miles 
above Cincinnati ; and there, in June of the same year, he 
married Hannah, daughter of John Simpson, who some 
three years previous had removed thither from Montgom- 
ery County, Pennsylvania. 



BOYHOOD. 



31 



Of good family, domestic in her habits, cheerful in de- 
position, and possessing great firmness and steadiness of 
character, as well as being a consistent member of the 
Methodist Church, Bhe was well fitted to be the mother 
of children, and to influence their lives in the right and 
noblest direction. 

General G-rant, like many other great men, owes more 
than the world can ever tell, to tin- influence of a noble 
mother. 

Theportrait of General Grant's mother has beeo etched 
by her husband's hand in the following words: "At 
the time ot' our marriage, fctrs. Grant was an unpretending 
country girl — handsome, but not vain. She had previ- 
ously joined the Methodist Church : and I can truthfully 
say that it has never had a more devoted and consistent 
member. Her steadiness, firmness, ami strength of charac- 
ter, have been the stay of the family through life. She 
was always careful and most watchful over her children ; ' 
but never austere, and not opposed to their free participa- 
tion in innocent amusement." 




32 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

Young Grant and the Ladies — Escorting Under Immense 

Difficulties. 

General Grant, when but a boy, exhibited a remarkable 
self-possession of mind. It is related that on one occa- 
sion when driving a couple of lady passengers in a two- 
horse wagon across a creek in which he found the water 
very much deeper than he had expected — the creek was 
much swollen — and finding suddenly that the horses were 
swimming and the water up to a level with the wagon box, 
the ladies became greatly alarmed and began to scream at 
the top of their voices, but young Ulysses, though in a very 
dangerous situation for himself and his lady passengers 
was not in the least thrown off his balance; he simply 
looked over his shoulder as he sat on the front seat holding 
the reins, and quietly said : " Don't speak — / will take 
you through safe" and he did. 

In these incidents of his boyish clays we see a gleam of 
the same spirit that led him, in after years, when the whole 
country were looking on, to say: " I propose to fight it 
out on this line, if it takes all Summer." 



Grape and Canister— Fired at Random— Many Interesting Little 
Things About Young Grant. 

The first book read by young Ulysses — near the age of 
seven — was the " Life of General George Washington !" 

It may be said of Grant's genealogy, as has been said of 
that of another distinguished American : " It discloses no 
crime and no disgrace; but also no eminence." 

Mr. Everett's well-turned allusion to the family tree of 
General Washington may equally be applied to General 



BOYHOOD. 33 

Grant: "The glory he reflected noon his ancestor- was 
greater than he could inherit." 

General Grant is of Scotch descent, and in those qual- 
ities which distinguish him shows that the Scotch blood 
still Hows strongly through his veins. 

As tar as research has Iteen able to recover the charac- 
teristics of the Grant family, they appear to have been a 
hard-working, earnest, upright, conscientious and law- 
abidins race. 



o 



Noah Grant, the grandfather of Ulysses, served with 
distinction during the entire Revolutionary War and after 
its conclusion, removed to Westmoreland County, Penn., 
where, od January 23, 1794, General Grant's father, J< 
Root Grant, was born. 

The name of General Grant's mother before marriage 
was EEanna Simpson, daughter of John Simpson, of Mont- 
gomery County, Penn. In her nineteenth year she emi- 
grated with her father to Clermont County, Ohio. She 
was married to Jesse Root Grant, June 24, 1821. 

Grant's cadet warrant was made out for "Ulysses Sid- 
ney," but he changed this to Ulysses Simpson, ir, honor of 
his mother. 

Wnen Gov. Yates proposed sending the name of Grant 
to Washington for the appointment of Brigadier-General 

— early in the war — Grant refused his consent, curtly reply- 
ing: "lie did not want promotion; he wanted to earn it." 

It is said of young Grant that \\<- never had any personal 
quarrels with any one. He wa- quiet and inoffensive, but 
was not to be OUt-witted at a bargain. 
3 



34 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GRANT. 

Grant's education, previous to entering West Point, was 
quite limited. It was only in the mid-winter months that 
his father could spare him for school. This was enough, 
however, to implant a desire for a more thorough educa- 
tion, which young Ulysses obtained at the West Point 
Military Academy. 

Unlike Napoleon, we hear nothing of young Grant " at- 
tacking snow forts," but he developed very early the- 
faculty of " overcoming difficulties which would have 
checked other boys." 

If Napoleon could rebuke the genealogist who was creat- 
ing for him a pedigree, with the words: "Friend, my patent 
dates from Monte Notte," Grant may claim his American 
nobility from Fort Donelson. 

When the fall of Fort Sumter startlea the nation, Grant, 
who was in Galena, said: " Uncle Sam educated me for the 
army, and although I have served faithfully through one 
war, I feel that I am still a little in debt for my education, 
and I am ready to discharge it and jput down this rebel- 
lion." 

In his " Life of General U. S. Grant " Henry C. Deming 
aptly remarks: " I am rejoiced to find that Grant was un- 
doubtedly one of that number of illustrious men whose 
character received its first and most essential impress 
from maternal influence. In the early and susceptible 
years of childhood, from a mother's lips, he imbibes those 
simple yet fundamental maxims and principles which are 
the enduring foundation of all wise conduct in life, all 
good institutions in human society. The love of truth, 
the sentiment of honor, fidelity, obedience, constancy, are 
practical lessons alike for the lisping child, the aspiring 



BOYHOOD. 35 

youth, the busy man — at home, in the school, on the 
farm, at the head of the army, in the councils of the 
nation. As in the realm of Nature the components of 
the material world are reduced by analysis to a few simple 
elements, npholding, illuminating, fructifying the whole 
universe by the simple and omnipresent influences of 
gravity, heat, and light, so all the institutions of society, 
and all the relations <>f kindred, friend, and country, are 
inspired and regulated by a few homely truths of universal 
application. 

Young Grant's mental development is an argument 
favoring mathematics as a mental discipline. He is said 
to have excelled only in this branch of study. 

There are some men in this world possessing immense 
mental power, who yet, from inertness, pass through life 
with poor success. Lighter natures outstrip them in the 
tar.' for wealth or position, and the strength they really 
]".~>ess is never known, because it has never been called 
out. It never is called out by ordinary events. They 
wire made for great emergencies, and if these do not arise, 
they seem almost made in vain; at least these extraordi- 
nary powers to be given them in vain. Grant is one of 
these, lie is like a great wheel on which mere rills of 
water may drop forever without moving it, or if they 
succeed in disturbing its equilibrium, only make it accom- 
plish a partial revolution. It needs an immense body of 
water to make it roll, and then it revolves with a power 
and majesty that awes the beholder. No slight obstruc- 
tion ean arrest its sweep. Acquiring momentum with each 
revolution, it crushes to atoms everything thrust before it 
to check its motion. 



AT WEST POINT. 

Young Grant a Cadet at West Point — An Interesting Account of 
His Life at that Institution. 

Young Grant entered the Military Academy at West 
Point in June, 1838. His first experience in martial life 
was in the licensed squad-drill to which the " pleb " is 
subjected by the remorseless company officers of the cadet 
battalion, and in the unlicensed " hazing " with which the 
new recruit is ruthlessly disciplined during his first season 
in camp. 

At early dawn he is marched to and fro with the awk- 
ward squad over that famous plateau, to monotonous " One, 
two — one, two," which so frequently breaks in upon the 
morning nap of the guest at " Roe's;" and he may esteem 
himself fortunate if he is not rushed up the rugged road 
to Fort Putnam, at double-quick, on an empty stomach. 
"When drill is dismissed, he betakes himself, with assumed 
composure, but with real anxiety, to the ambushes, sur- 
prises, flank movements, attacks in front and rear, which 
the senior cadets are preparing for him in the camp. 

Life 'at West Point, though attractive in its mere exter- 
nal aspects, is still more so in its internal relations to the 
mind and character of the national ward. He learns there 
self-control and obedience, which are no despicable attain- 
ments, either for the man or the soldier. With a course of 
study so difficult that it tasks all the strength, and so va- 
. ried that it addresses every faculty of the mind, the student 
has only to be faithful to himself and his opportunities, 
and he may acquire that extreme degree of mental control 



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38 STORIES AND SEETCEES OF GEN. GRANT. 

which enables its fortunate possessor to turn the whole force 
and volume of his intellect, with equal facility, upon any 
subject and in any direction. Self-sacrificing patriotism is- 
imbibed in the atmosphere, and fostered by all the associa- 
tions, of the national school ; and the genius of the place,, 
its history, trophies, mementoes, fire the spirit, and mag- 
netize the soul. 

The daily routine of cadet-life is somewhat monotonous. 
Drill and study are the accustomed order, relieved onlv 
by the evening dress parade, the inviting ramble through 
scenery charming alike by natural beauty and historic in- 
terest, the " Board of Visitors," annual encampments,, 
graduations, and hops. 

Martial law governs this military post ; and it is an effi- 
cient curb upon habits of irregularity and dissipation. 
Temperance and continence, within its jurisdiction, forfeit 
their place as virtues; for they are enforced upon the young 
soldier by inexorable necessity. Even a stolen visit to 
Benny Havens, a rollicking song by stealth, the smuggling 
in per steamer of contraband packages, under the pains and 
penalties of a court-martial, are too excruciating substitutes 
for genuine sport to be very seductive. 

Grant encounters the severe exactions of the "West 
Point course with no preparatory education worthy of the 
name. " Hasten slowly ' : was written on his forehead 
early in life; and those who knew him best expected from 
him a persistent rather than a brilliant scholarship In the 
intellectual exercises of the institution, and decided supe- 
riority only in the practical departments of military instruc- 
tion. Both expectations were justified by his career as a 
cadet. 

Abstract mathematics, topographical engineering, and 
the science of war, were conquered by his characteristic 
tenacity of will. Practical engineering succumbed with 



AT WEST POINT. 39 

- difficulty; while infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics 
were easily mastered. 

Hi- passed with ecUit that "bridge of sighs," the first 
examination, and all the subsequenl ones with no dishonor; 
earning successively the rank of corporal, sergeant, and 
commissioned officer of cadets. It is no small test, both 
of physical and mental prowers, to graduate al WestPoint. 
Feeble intellects yield to the severity of the studies, and 
feeble bodies to the hardships of the drill. Genuine attain- 
ment only can stand the searching ordeal of its turn- an- 
nual examinations; and therulesand regulations inregard 
t<> deportment and behavior are so trying to the cart-less 
buoyancy and undisciplined spirit of youth, that a diploma 
upon any terms should be regarded, not as a mere ovation, 
l)ut a triumph. 

When we consider that the untutored \»>y from the woods 
sustained himself in every trial of a class from which -ev- 
enly were dropped; that he attained to the rank of twenty- 
one in a graduating class of thirty-nine, thus distancing 
threescore and ten who entered the race, and winning over 
eighteen who finally came to the goal; when we consider, 
also, that lie never lost position or forfeited class-rank hy 
demerits, we must yield to him the credit of more than 
ordinary capacity and subordination. Of how few who 

have entered Wesi Point can so much be said! 

The first order which issues to the graduating cadet may 
send him to some embryo territory in the West, and imp< 
upon him at once the important duties of civil adminis- 
tration; or it may despatch him to the frontiers, within 
cannon-shot of a foreign flag, where he may be called to 
adjudicate, upon principles of public law, the perplexing 
questions which frequently arise between contiguous 

powers. 

During his career as an officer, he can hardly escape 



40 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

being placed in such relations. To prepare him for the 
intelligent discharge of these important positions is no 
insignificant part of the "West Point course. He is, there- 
fore, taught French as the language of diplomatic inter- 
course, and Spanish as the tongue of our Mexican neigh- 
bors. He is indoctrinated in the laws of nations, the 
jurisprudence of the United States, and the principles of 
municipal law. lie is made as familiar with the authorita- 
tive commentaries of Kent and Wheaton's " International 
Code " as with Mahan's " Field Fortification " and Ben- 
ton's " Course of Ordnance and Gunnery." 

It is an error to suppose that our future officers are in- 
structed only in what pertains to war as a theory and an 
art. Their preparation for civil affairs is as thorough and 
complete as that of the student in our colleges, or the law- 
yer in our towns. With sapping, mining,, mortar-practice, 
and tactics for garrison and siege, are blended the logical 
rules and theories by which truth is eliminated and sophis- 
tries detected. With the science of war, which desolates, 
is interwoven the science of morals, which renovates and 
ameliorates the world. 

Not only chemistry, which especially relates to fabri- 
cating the materiel of war, is embraced in its course of 
study, but astronomy, mechanics, physics, mineralogy, and 
the philosophy of history. 

With a head stuffed with the learning of the school; 
with ambition kindled, and patriotism exalted, by the 
genius of the place; with a mind skilled to manoeuvre, at- 
tack, and defend ; a hand adroit in piling up redoubts and 
stockades, and in digging rifle-pits and intrenchments, and 
apt in constructing fascines, hurdles, and sap rollers; with 
all his sensibilities vivid, all his senses keen, intent, ani- 
mated, the model of physical power and activity — Cadet 
Grant is launched into the stormy ocean of life. 



AT WEST POINT. 41 

Anecdote of Grant at West Point. 

The following incident occurred while young Grant was 
serving his first year as a cadel of tin- Military Academy 
at West Point, and is a very g 1 illustration of the cool- 
ness of his disposition. 

Itis related by his father in his interesting reminis- 
cences of the early life of his distinguished son, published 
in the N< w York Ledger. 

•• A.S is well known, it is the practice at West Point to 
get some rig, run, or joke on every new comer. Ulysses 
took a letter of introduction to a cadet, who told him all 
tlii>, and put him on his guard. In the course of the first 
night, one of the cadets, dressed as an officer, entered the 
room where Ulysses and his chum were sleeping, and told 
them that one of the rules of the institution required 
that a task should be given them, to see how they would 
get through it, while laboring under the excitement con- 
sequent upon their first admission. He then, producing a 

1 k, ordered that, before morning, they should each com 

ni it to memory a lesson of twenty pages. ' All right, all 
right,' responded Ulysses; and as soon as the pretended 
officer had withdrawn, he went quietly back to bed, while 
his companion sat up and studied all night. Of course, 
the recitation has not yet been called for." 

Grant's career at AVest Point was uneventful, his demer- 
its, as his father say>. being mostly "of a trivial character, 
BUCh a- not having his coat buttoned, or his shoes tied right, 

or something of that kind.*' Bis progress was of the bIow 
and Bure kind ; holding firmly on to all he acquired, but 
having nothingof that dashing brilliancy which is thought 
so much of by collegiates. lie did not. like many, only 
study to pass the examiner, and then forgel what he had 
learned. Even if hi- Beat was belowthose of -..me others 
in his classes, at the end of each year it would be found 



42 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

that his education was of a far more solid and substantial 
nature than that of several of his class-mates who stood 
higher in grades. Experience, however, has demonstrated 
that the rank attained at a Military Academy, or at 
college, affords a very uncertain indication of the future 
success or usefulness of the man. 



What a Fellow Comrade Says of Young Grant at West Point 

— A Splendid Record. 

A gentleman who was a comrade of young Grant for two 
years at "West Point Military Academy, says : 

I remember Grant as a plain, common-sense, straight- 
forward youth; quiet, calm, thoughtful, and unaggressive; 
shunning notoriety; quite contented, while others were 
grumbling; taking to his military duties in a very business- 
like manner; not a prominent man in the corps, but re- 
spected by all, and very popular with his friends. His 
sobriquet of Uncle Sam was given to him there, where 
every good-fellow has a nickname, from these very quali- 
ties; indeed, he was a very uncle-like sort of a youth. 

He was then and always an excellent horseman, and his 
picture rises before me as I write, in the old torn coat 
(riding-jackets, if we remember rightly, had not then been 
issued, and the cadets always wore their seediest rig into 
the sweat and dust of the riding drill), obsolescent leather 
gig-top, loose riding pantaloons, with spurs buckled over 
them, going with his clanking sabre to the drill-hall. He 
exhibited but little enthusiasm in any thing; his best 
standing was in the mathematical branches, and their ap- 
plication to tactics and military engineering. 

If we again dwell upon the fact that no one, even of his 
most intimate friends, dreamed of a great future for him, 
it is to add that, looking back now, we must confess that 



44 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

the possession of many excellent qualities, and the entire 
absence of all low and mean ones, establish a logical 
sequence from first to last, and illustrate, in a novel man- 
ner, the poet's fancy about— 

" The baby figures of the giant mass 
Of things to come at large," 

the germs of those qualities which are found in beautiful 
combination in Wordsworth's " Happy Warrior :" 

" The generous spirit who, when brought 
Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought 
Upon the plan that pleased his infant thought." 

And at this point of view, as we find the Western boy, 
after the compacting, instructing, developing processes of 
West Point, coming forth a man, ready for the stern reali- 
ties of American life, we may pause to point him out to 
our American youth as an example henceforth to be fol- 
lowed ; then, as now, a character which, in the words of a 
friend, " betrayed no trust, falsified no word, violated no 
rights, manitested no tyranny, sought no personal aggran- 
dizement, complained of no hardship, displayed no jealousy, 
oppressed no subordinate; but in whatever sphere, pro- 
tected every interest, upheld his flag, and was ever known 
by his humanity, sagacity, courage, and honor." 

What more can be claimed of any young man? 




AT WEST POINT. . 45 

General Grant's Class-mates at West Point — Who They Were, 

and What They Have Done— An Interesting 

Biographical Series. 

General Grant graduated al West Point the twenty-first 
in his class, June 30, L843, with thirty-nine class-mates. 

The grade and brief biography of each is as follov 

The cadet who stood first in the class was William Ben- 
jamin Franklin, who entered the Topographical Engineer 
Corps; and having passed through a Beries of adventures 
under various commanders was, ut the beginning of L864, 
the general commanding the Nineteenth Army Corps, in 
the Department of the Gulf, under General Dank.-. 

The names of the next three graduates do not now appear 
in the Army List of the United States. 

W"m. F. Raynolds ranked fifth in the class, entered the 
infantry service, and was appointed an aide on the staff of 
General Fremont, commanding the Mountain Department, 
with the rank of colonel, from the 31st of March, 1SC2. 

The next graduate was Isaac 1". Quinby. He had entered 
the artillery service, and had been professor at West Pointi 
but had retired to civil life. The rebellion, however, 
brought him from' his retirement, and he went to the field 
at the head of a regiment of New York volunteers. He 
afterward became a brigadier-general in the Army of the 
Potomac. 

Roswell S. Ripley, the author of" The War with Mex- 
ico," stood Beventh; but his name does not now appear 
in the otlieial Army Register of the CJnited States, as he 
had attached himself to the rebel cause. 

The next graduate was John James Peck, who entered 
the artillery Bervice, and was, on January 1. L864, the com- 
mander of the district of and army in North Carolina, 
which then formed a portion of General Butler's Depart- 
ment. 



46 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

John P. Johnstone, the daring artillery lieutenant who 
fell gallantly at Contreras, Mexico, was the next graduate. 

General Joseph Jones Reynolds was the next in grade. 
This officer had gained great credit, while in the army, as 
a professor of sciences, but had resigned some time when 
the rebellion broke out. He was, however, in 1S61, again 
brought forward as a general of three-months volunteers, 
under General McClellan, in Western Virginia; was after- 
ward commissioned by the President; and latterly became 
attached to the Army of the Cumberland. He served on 
the staff of the general commanding that army, with the 
rank of major-general, until General Grant assumed com- 
mand of the military division embracing the Departments 
of Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland, when he was trans- 
ferred to New Orleans. 

The eleventh graduate was James Allen Hardie, who, 
during the War of the Rebellion, became an Assistant 
Adjutant-General of the Army of the Potomac, with the 
rank of colonel. 

Henry F. Clarke stood twelfth, entered the artillery ser- 
vice, sained brevets in Mexico, and became chief commis- 
sary of the Army of the Potomac, during the War of the 
Rebellion, with the rank of colonel. 

Lieutenant Booker, the next in grade, died while in ser- 
vice at San Antonio, Texas, on June 26, 1849. 

The fourteenth graduate might have been a prominent 
officer of the United States Army, had he not deserted the 
cause of his country, and attached himself to the rebels. 
He had not even the excuse of " going with his State," for 
he was a native of ISTew Jersey, and was appointed to the 
army from that State. His name is Samuel G. French, 
major-general of the rebel army. 

The next graduate was Lieutenant Theodore L. Chad- 
bourne, who was killed at the battle of Resacade laPalma, 



AT WB8T POINT. 47 

on May 9, 1 N t6, after distinguishing himself for his bravery 
at tlif head <>t* his command. 

Christopher Colon Augur, one of the commanders of 
the Department of Washington, and major-general of vol- 
unteerSj was the next in grade 

We now come to another renegade. Franklin Gardner, 
a native of New York. an<l an appointee from the State of 
[owa, graduated seventeenth in Genera] Grant's class. At 
the time of the rebellion he deserted the cause of the 
United States and joined the rebels. He was disgracefully 
dropped from the rolls of the United States Army, <>n May 
7. 1861, became a major-general in the rebel service, and 
had to surrender his garrison al Porl Hudson, July 9, 1863, 
through the reduction of Vicksburgby his junior graduate, 
U. S. ( Urant. 

Lieutenant George Stevens, who was drowned in the 
passage of the Rio Grande, May l v . 1846, was the next 
graduate. 

The nineteenth graduate was Edmund B. Holloway, of 
tuckv, who obtained a brevet at Contreras. and was a 
captain of infantry in the United State- regular army at 
the commencement of the rebellion. Although his State 
remained in the Union, he threw up his commission on 
May 14. 1S01, and joined the rebels. 

The graduate that immediately preceded General Grant 
was Lieutenant Lewis Neill, who (lied on January 13, 1S50, 
while in service at Fort Croghan, Texas. 

General Gkant was the twenty-first graduate. 

Joseph II. Potter, of New Hampshire, graduated next 
after the hero of Vicksburff. During the War of the 
Rebellion he became a colonel of volunteers, retaining his 
rank as captain in the regular army. 

Lieutenant Robert Hazlitt, who was killed in the storm- 
ing of Monterey, September 21, 1840. and Lieutenant Ed- 



48 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT 

win Howe, who died while in service at Fort Leavenworth, 
March 31, 1850, were the next two graduates. 

Lafayette Boyer Wood, of Virginia, was the twenty -fifth 
graduate. He is no longer connected with the service, 
having resigned several years before the rebellion. 

The next graduate was Charles S. Hamilton who, for 
some time commanded, as major-general of volunteers, a 
district under General Grant, who at that time was chief 
of the Department of the Tennessee. 

Captain "William K. Van Bokkelen, of New York, who 
was cashiered for rebel proclivities, on May 8, 1861, was 
the next graduate, and was followed by Alfred St. Amand 
Crozet, of New York, who had resigned the service several 
years before the breaking out of the civil war, and Lieu- 
tenant Charles E. James, who died at Sonoma, Cal., on 
June 8, 1849. 

The thirtieth graduate was the gallant General Frederick 
Steele, who participated in the Vicksburg and Mississippi 
campaigns, as division and corps commander under 
General Grant, and afterward commanded the Army of 
Arkansas. 

The next graduate was Captain Henry K. Selden, of 
Vermont, and of the Fifth U. S. Infantry. 

General Hufus Ingalls, quartermaster-general of the 
Army of the Potomac, graduated No. 32, and entered the 
mounted rifle regiment, but was found more valuable in 
tlie Quartermaster's Department, in which he held the rank 
of major from January 12, 1862, with a local rank of brig- 
adier-general of volunteers from May 23, 1863. 

Major Frederick T. Dent, of the Fourth IT. S. 'Infantry, 
and Major J. C. McFerran, of the Quartermaster's Depart- 
ment, were the next two graduates. 

The thirty-fifth graduate was General Henry Moses 
Judah, who commanded a divisiou of the' Twentv-Third 



AT WEST POINT 49 

Army Corps during its operations after the rebel cavalry 
o-eneral, John II. Morgan, and in East Tennessee," during 
the fall of 1S63. 

The remaining four graduates were Norman Kiting, 
who resigned the service October 29, 1S-4G; Gave J. Cunts. 
who was a member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion of California during the year 1S40 ; Charles G. 
Merchant, of New York; and George C. McClelland, of 
Pennsylvania, no one of whom is now connected with the 
United States Service. 

It is very interesting to look over the above list to see 
how the twenty-first graduate has outstripped all his seniors 
in grade, showing plainly that true talent will ultimately 
make its way. no matter how modest the possessor may he, 
and notwithstanding all the opposition that may he placed 
in its way by others. It will he seen how General Grant 
came to command a larger force and a greater extent of 
country than all his thirty-eight class-mates put together, 
and has risen higher in the military scale than any in his 
class, notwithstanding the fact that he did not seem to 
possess the same amount of apparent dashing ability. 

His Scotch blood, however, gave him a pertinacity of 
character that enabled him to push forward against all dif- 
ficulties, and this stubborn perseverance even in 
midst of disappointment- has characterized the whole of 
life, civil, military and executive. When, however. 
he found he was on the right track he kepi to it without 
turning aside for even a moment, and so ultimately be- 

came successful. 

4 



IlsT MEXICO. 

General Grant's First Battle — Called From the Swamps of 

Louisiana to the Plains of Mexico — At Palo Alto 

and Resaca — Leaping Into the "Ravine of 

Palms " — His Grand Bayonet Charge. 

Grant was full second lieutenant and still attached to the 
Fourth Infantry when the order reached him — in the re- 
mote swamps of Louisiana — " to join the army of occupa- 
tion at Corpus Christi." He had been initiated in all the 
theories of war, cruel arts and mysteries at "West Point. 
He had conned her entangling maxims, and tracked her 
crimson footsteps over the desolated earth ; with maps and 
plans before him, and with critical eye he had surveyed 
her renowned Aceldemas; he had, as part of his daily task, 
analyzed her infernal ing-ennitv in concentrating and scat- 
tering armies; and, before models of her most formidable 
strongholds, had sat down as a besieger, and approached, 
stormed, and captured them. Through Jomini's animated 
pages he had marched, counter-marched, and halted at 
points of vantage; drawn up and extended lines of battle; 
flanked, and pierced the centre; and charged, vanquished, 
and pursued — with Frederick and Napoleon. He had 
almost seen War in vision, and toyed with her snaky locks, 
and played with her thunder-bolts. Like a votary of the 
black-art, he felt an irresistible impulse to utter the cabalis- 
tic spell which should usher him into the visible presence 
of the demon. In a word, he had the natural inclination 
of all men who have mastered theories to apply their prin- 
ciples to practice. 

60 



52 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

War was now waving her torch along oar frontiers. The 
surcharged clouds were lowering on the southwestern hor- 
izon. Her birds of ill-omen, snuffing the carnage afar, 
were gathering in from every side. Lines of bristling 
bayonets were confronting each other on opposite banks of 
the Rio Grande. 

He marched with the army, March 8, 1846, to Fort 
Brown, and " flashed the sword," which the Government 
had taught him to wield when Ringold's battery first 
struck the staggering line of Mexicans in that prairie- 
thicket which gives to the earliest action in the Mexican 
war its name. 

When, on the next day, the stricken, but undemoralized 
enemy rallied reinforcements on a stronger position, and it 
became apparent, as the sun was declining, that cannon 
could not, as on the previous day, decide the contest, Lieu- 
tenant Grant was deployed as a skirmisher, with his regi- 
mental comrades, towards the natural ditch in which the 
foe was intrenched: and he was on the lead when the iral- 
lant Fourth leaped into the " ravine of palms " and cleared 
it of every hostile bayonet/ 

When the Mexicans rallied again, Grant charged with 
that unwavering line of steel, which finally broke them 
into fragments and scattered them on the river. This oc- 
curred May 9, 1846. 

On the 18th of the same month, Grant crossed the 
Rubicon — that is the Rio Grande — and occupied Matamoras 
with General Taylor's column, while the haggard and sul- 
len remnant of the hostile army was creeping slowly south- 
ward. 



IN MEXICO. 



53 



General Grant's First " Baptism in Blood "—The American Col- 
umns Torn to Pieces before Fort Teneria— Tunnelling 
Walls and Fighting on Roofs of Houses — 
Grant " Foremost in the Ranks." 

On the 20th of August, 1s4r>. Grant finds himself on 
that abrupt eminence which commands a prospect of 
Monterey from the east. At his feet lies a cultivated 
valley, tessellated with the varied green and yellow of 
orange and acacia groves, and waving fields of corn and 
sugar-cane, which stretch up to the very bastions of the 
easternmost works of defense. Beyond the forts, the sun- 
beam8 "-lance on the marble-like stucco of the cathedral 
and dwellings of the city, which seems to be veiled even 
from the profane gaze of the northern barbarians by the 
luxuriant foliage of flowering tropical trees. 

Behind till, rise heavenward the Saddle and Mitre Moun- 
tains with their tremendous peaks, abruptly compared to 
" giants guarding the lovely bower at their feet and pre- 
pared to roll enormous rocks from their summits upon the 
adventurous assailants." 

The morning of the 21st breaks clear and resplendent ; 
and Major Mansfield, who is in the front, reconnoitreing, 
send- hack word that he has discovered a point where that 
foremost fortification — Fort Teneria— is assailable. 

In a moment Colonel Garland, with two infantry regi- 
ments, Braeg's battery, and the Baltimore battalion, is 
descending the slope, followed by the rapt attention and 
palpitating hearts of their comrades on the hill. 

Before they had reached the point designated by Mans- 
field, the citadel enfilades them with its fire, and a masked 
battery in front showers them with shot and shell. Fort 
Teneria meantime is silent but frowns like grim death. 
On they advance, until they can see the eyes of the gun- 
ners, when, presto, the fort opens, and the assailing Ainer- 



54 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

ican columns, torn to pieces, are hurled into the suburbs 
of the city, to be massacred piecemeal by musketry from 
walls and housetops. 

Meanwhile the Fourth Infantry, to which Grant was at- 
tached, had been ordered to march by the left flank towards 
the point of attack ; but ignorant of the fate of their 
•comrades, they moved directly against the fort, when the 
same destructive fire sweeps from the earth two thirds of 
their number, and scatters the survivors in dismay. 

Fortunately for the success of the day, two companies of 
Colonel Garland's discomfited storming-party find shelter 
on the roof of a tannery, within musket-range of Teneria, 
and, with the sure aim of the rested rifle, pick off, one by 
one, the Mexican gunners. Under the cover of repeated 
and overwhelming volleys from this " coigne of vantage," 
the Tennessee and Mississippi volunteers rush across an 
intervening space of a hundred yards, and, with a deafen- 
ing war-whoop, pour like angry billows up the slope, over 
the parapet and through the embrasure. 

The work at the east end is over for the day, and the 
Fourth Infantry bivouac in Teneria for the night. We 
have been thus particular in detailing this affair, because it 
was Grant's first encounter with war " in all its terrors 
clad " and because, from his experience there in both of its 
vicissitudes, and from its frightful slaughter,, it may be 
said to have terminated his martial novitiate by a " baptism 
of blood." 

Grant discovers at morning reveille, that Fort Diablo 
has been evacuated during the night, and is now occupied 
by the Mississippi Volunteers ; and the cheering news 
reaches him at breakfast, that General Worth, by a succes- 
sion of impetuous assaults, has carried every fortified posi- 
tion on the western acclivities. The guns of the Bishop's 
Palace are now turned upon the devoted town from the 



/ .V MEXICO. 55 

west, and those of Teneria and Diablo from the east; and, 
simultaneously fromeachof these directions, the riflemen 
are penetrating the suburbs, and gradually each other and 
the central plaza. 

Tlif assailants find every streel barricaded with mason- 
work, every wall pierced for musketry, and on vxrvy Becond 
roof a sand-bag battery. Crawling from roof to root', bur- 
rowing from house to house, literally tunneling covered 
ways through the solid walls of the dwellings, the sharp- 
shooters, from opposite directions have arrived within four 
blocks of each other: and between the two, huddled around 
the Cathedral, is the Mexican garrison. 

This Cathedral is the Mexican powder magazine and the 
shellsthat Major Monroe now and then lets fall within close 
and amazingly dangerous proximity soon called out the 
bugle blasl and flag of truce, and on the k 24th of Septem- 
ber, Ampudia capitulates. 



Gen. Grant's First Siege — He Personally Supervises Twelve 

Miles of Trench and Parallel, from which he Shatters 

the Enemy's Redoubts and Bastions. 

The siege of Vera Cruz, though of short duration, illu- 
strated many of the most important principles^ of engineer- 
ing. 

It was the first siege in which Lieut. Grant had any ex- 
perience, lie personally supervised the construction ot 
those twelve miles of trench and parallel, bristling with 
eighty-nine batteries; that circle within a circle ot' con- 
stantly advancing lire, which, day after day, closed in nearer 
and nearer on wailing Vicksburg, until it was slowly 
strangled by coils which it wa- impotent either to sever or 
endure — the first ot" a soldier who afterward- environed 
Richmond with ramparts even more Titan-like and irresist- 



56 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

ible; bisecting the area of treason by the one triumph, and 
by the other exterminating rebellion and destroying the 
confederacy. 

The first parallel at Vera Cruz was drawn at a distance 
of eleven hundred yards, from which a battery of three 
thirty-two pounders, and as many Paixhans, finally suc- 
ceeded in demolishing the curtain, and shattering the 
redoubts and bastions and destroying half the houses on the 
land side. The bombs of the mortar batteries burned up 
all the combustible houses. 

The flag of truce appeared on the third day ; and negotia- 
tions were opened, which terminated in the surrender of 
Vera Cruz and San Juan d' Ulloa. The capture of those 
strongly-fortified points will always be memorable as the 
first siege in which General Grant so signally and ably 
participated. 



General Grant'g First Official Compliments as a Soldier — The 

First "Brevet." 

Grant was favorably noticed for his skill in gunnery, 
when that cordon of earthworks was tightening round Vera 
Cruz — the " Invincible.'" He was complimented for his 
gallantry at Cherubusco, when the tetede jpont was carried 
by the bayonet alone. 

He won his brevet of " First Lieutenant " in those bloody 
hours when Molino Del Itey succumbed to the impetuosity 
of the United States soldiery; and the full grade on that 
day, ever memorable in our annals, when the steep and 
frowning heights of Chapultepec were carried, and the 
trembling city below implored the mercy of our artillery. 

In Capt. Brooks' report of the operations of the Second 
Artillery against Chapultepec, the following paragraph 
occurs : 



TN MBXH 5? 

" I succeeded in reaching the t'<>rt with a few men. Here 
; it. I . S. Grant and a few more men of the Fourth In- 
fantry, found me; and by a joint movement, after an 
obstinate resistance, ;i strong field-work was carried, and 
the enemy's righl was completely turned." 

Major Lee, in his report of operations against the same 
fortress, mentions the same officer in the following strain : 

"A; the first barrier, the enemy was in strong force, 
which rendered it necessary to advance with caution. This 
wa> lone; and, when the head of the battalion was within 
short musket-range of the barrier, Lieut. Grant, Fourth In- 
fantry, and Capt. Brooks, Second Artillery, with a few men 
of their respective regiments, by a handsome movement to 
the left, turned the right flank of the enemy, and the bar- 
rier was carried. Lieut. Grant behaved with distinguished 
gallantry on the 13th and 14th." 

The following passage occurs in Col. Garland's report of 
the sann action : >w The rear of the enemy had made a 
stand be.iind a breastwork, from which they were driven 
by detachments of the Second Artillery under Capt. Brooks, 
and the Fourth Infantry under Lieut. Grant, supported by 
other regil tents of the division, after a short, sharp conflict. 
I recognized the command as it came up, mounted a how- 
itzer on the top of a convent, which, under the direction 
nt' Lieut. Grant, Quartermaster of the Fourth Infantry, 
and Lieut. Lendrum, Third Artillery, annoyed the enemy 
considerably. I must not omit to call attention to Lieut. 
Grant, who acquitted himself most nobly upon several 
occasions under my observation." 

•• I have again to make acknowledgments to Cols. Gar- 
land and C.arke, brigade commander.-, as also to their 
respective stall'-; to S. Smith. Haller, and Grant. Fourth 
Infantry, especially." — Gen. Worth's Report of Battle of 
Chapultejif. 



58 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GRANT. 

The First "Flank Movement" — An Opposing Army Which 
Grant Thought Best to Pass Around, With Heavy- 
Margins, to "the Left''— Scaling the 
Heights of Ceiro Gordo. 

Where the national road crosses the Rio del Plan, you 
instantly rise from the tierra caliente into a more elevated 
region, and, after an hour's inarch, stand at the entrance of 
one of the defiles, so famous in war-like story, which /Lib- 
erty, loving the mountains, gives to mountaineers for their 
defense. 

Here, on the left, rises a ridge, extending the/ whole 
length of the pass, and behind it rolls the rapid b\it shal- 
low river through a canon a hundred feet in depth/ Upon 
its acclivities, facing the road and in advantageous posi- 
tions, the Mexicans have planted their heavy batteries, one 
above the other; and the superior commands all the ap- 
roaches to the inferior. 

Here, on your right, are elongated mountain spurs, bas- 
ing upon the road their slopes, covered with impenetrable 
chaparral. They forbid any diversion to the riMit, 

Still farther west, and in the direct line of pur march, 
stand two conical mounts — Atalaya, masked f/om the road 
by one of the spurs; and Cerro Gordo, lifting! itself* eight 
hundred feet above the plain, and presenting to you an 
eastern face, steep, rugged, difficult of access, And strength- 
ened, moreover, by two tiers of breastworks and abatis. 
Its summit is crowned by a tower, mounting nine guns, 
which sweep the defile and the road beyond ft. 

As if this were not enough to guard the pass at the foot 
of Cerro Gordo, a battery of six guns is plaijted directly on 
the road. You can not find, in any direction, a half acre 
of level earth, where a battalion can deploy, which is not 
commanded by artillery. 

Grant sees in an instant that here is no merely engineer- 




"The numerous steeples, of great beauty and 
elevation, with Popocatapetl ten thousand feet 
higher, apparently near enough to touch with the 
hand, filled the mind with religious awe. Recover- 
ing from the sublime trance, probaoly not a man in 
the column failed to say to his neighbor or himself, 
" That splendid city soon skull be ours!" 

5 'itt't Autobiorjrapky.) 
59 



60 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

ing question, but a complex jjroblem in the art of war, 
which addresses itself to the highest genius of the com- 
mander. It needs but a glance at his left to show him that 
no skill and courage can turn the enemy's right. To the 
left of his line alone a flanking movement can be aimed. 
And here on his right are these entangled spurs; and the 
resources of reconnoissance have been tasked in vain to 
find a pathway through them. 

Shall the army be sacrificed in forcing the defile ? Shall 
it be decimated in storming the fort % Shall the expedition 
"be abandoned ? 

When Scott reaches the ground, his experienced eye 
speedily detects the sole expedient which can brush this 
great obstruction from his path. Let Pillow's brigade 
seriously threaten, and if practicable carry, these batteries 
of the enemy on the left of the road. Let Twiggs' division, 
before it reaches the defile, wheel sharp to the right into 
this forest of chaparral, and cutting a pathway behind those 
elongated ridges, and encircling all the Mexican works, 
debouch beyond them all into the national road. 

Assail Cerro Gordo, the key of the whole position, in the 
rear; and at the same time cut off the retreat of the enemy 
to Jalapa. This was Scott's preliminary order of battle, 
omitting only his directions to the artillery and cavalry 
reserve, to Worth — to follow and support the operations of 
Twiggs, and the directions for the vigorous pursuit of the 
foe after his intrenchments were carried. 

The performance corresponds with the programme, ex- 
cept that Twiggs, being annoyed by a party of skirmishers 
in executing his movement, throws off to his left a de- 
tachment to scatter them, which unexpectedly carries the 
<jone-shaped Atalaya, and, encouraged thereby, scales 
Cerro Gordo in front, and turns to flight one division of 



IN MEXICO. 61 

Santa Anna's Mexican army before Twiggs' right, on the 
march, has reached the Jalapa Road to intercept it. 

Such was Grant's first participation in a flankiiuj 
movement. 

There was another man in this army who might be 
mentioned in this connection, and whom General Grant, 
long years afterwards, met under peculiar circumstances. 
It was Robert E. Lee, then serving on General Scott's 
stall' as captain of engineers. 



General Grant's First Half Year of War— It Opens on Fields of 

Sublimest Imagery, but they are Storied in Human 

Sacrifice and Midnight Superstitions — Grant 

Amid Pyramids, Smoking Mountains, 

and on the Heights of 

Chapultepec. 

Grant's first half year of war was one of peculiar en- 
chantment. 

War assumed her most comely guise, her most captivat- 
ing airs, her most bewitching smile, and wove round the 
entranced young warrior all her fascinating spells. 

It is hard to conceive, it is impossible to describe, the 
exhilaration with which he participated in that series of 
hard fought engagements which bore triumphantly the 
flag of the young Republic from the shores of the Gulf to 
the lake-encircled metropolis of the ancient Aztecs, in the 
footprints of previous conquerors, whose names recalled 
the palmiest days of the proudest monarchy; through 
scenery grand and picturesque beyond all example; along 
the base of volcanoes once crowned with fire, now lifting 
eternal snow far into the azure depths of air; amid the 
ruins of temples which once smoked with human sacrifice; 
and along the majestic front of colossal pyramids, which 



62 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

carry the mind back to a primeval race and an extinct civ- 
ilization. 

General Scott, who visited the Pyramid of Cholula, thus 

describes it: 

" During his halt, every corps of the army, in succession, 
made a most interesting excursion of six miles to the ruins 
of the ancient City of Cholula, long, in point of civilization 




The Pyramid op Chclula. 



and art, the Etruria of this continent, and, in respect to 
religion, the Mecca of many of the earliest tribes known to 
tradition. 

" One grand feature, denoting the ancient grandeur of 
Cholula, stands but little affected by the lapse of, perhaps, 
thousands of years — a pyramid built of alternate layers of 
brick and clay, some two hundred feet in height, with a 
square basis of more than forty acres, running up to a 
plateau of seventy yards square. There stood, in the time 
of Cortez, the great pagan temple of the Cholulans,- with a. 



IN MEXICO. 63 

perpetual blazing fire on its altar, seen in the night many 
miles around. 

"Coming up with the brigade, marching a1 ease, all in- 
toxicated with the fine air and splendid scenery, he (Gen- 
eral Scott i was, as usual, received with hearty and protracted 
cheers. The group of officers who surrounded him differed 
widely in their objects of admiration; some preferring thie 
or thai Bnow-capped mountain, others the city, and some 
the Pyramid of Cholula, that was now opening upon the 
view." 

Prescott says: "The great Volca?i<;\> Popocatapetl was 
called, rose to the enormous height of L7,852 feet above the 
leyel of the sea — more than 2,000 feet above the ' monarch 
of the mountain.-/ the highest elevation in Europe. Dur- 
ing the present century it has rarely given evidence of its 
volcanic origin; and the 'hill that smokes ' has almost for- 
feited its claim to the appellation. T>ut at the time of the 
Conquest it was frequently in a state of activity, and ra 
with uncommon fury while the Spaniards were atTiascala.'' 

"On they trudged, however, stopping now and then to 
quench their thirst at some mountain brook, or to gaze at 
the quenched volcano of Popocatapetl, its sides begrimed 
with lava, and its peak .-oaring above the clouds." — Scott's 
Battles in Mexico. 

Of Cholula. Prescott says: " It was of great antiquity, 
and was founded by the primitive races that overspread the 
laud before the Aztec-. 

••The Mexican temple — teocallis, "houses of God ' as 
they were railed — were very numerous. 

•• Human sacrifices were adopted by the Aztecs early in 
the fourteenth century, about two hundred years before the 
Conquest." — Pre%coW% Conquest of Mexico. 

Nor was it any drawback to his enjoyment, that, with 
every step of this exciting campaign, Lieutenant Grant was 



64 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 



advancing in military knowledge and capacity, and also in 
professional reputation and rank. 

He was favorably noticed for his skill in gunnery, when 
that cordon of earthworks was tightening round Yera Cruz, 
the " Invincible." 

He was complimented for his gallantry at Churubusco, 
when the tete de pont was carried by the bayonet alone. 

He won his brevet of first lieutenant in those bloody 
hours when Molino Del Rey succumbed to the impetu- 
osity of our soldiery; and the full grade on that day, ever 
memorable in our annals, when the steep and frowning 
heights of Chapultepec were carried and the trembling city 
below implored the mercy of our victorious soldiery. 




. . MEXICO 05 

On to Mexico — Grant's First Experience in Capturing a Capital 

— A Great and Glittering City Approached by the 

High-ways of Death— Grant's Active Part 

in the Dreadful St-uggle. 

Tin- general of the division under whom it was Grant's 
good fortune to serve, was SrottV right arm during the 
Mexican campaign: wherever hard work was to be done, 
Worth was in the van. Garland and Clarke were the right 
and left arms of Worth. Of Col. Garland, Worth himself 
-. that "he wa • conspicuous on many fields of the Mex- 
ican War; and by Ids skill, conduct, and courage in the 
last great combats, greatly added to an already established 
reputation for patriotism and soldiership." 

In following closely Col. Garland's impeded march to 
the capital, we shall detect the " whereabouts " of Lieut. 
Grant in the smoke of the battle, and shall witness " the 
moving accidents by flood and field, disastrous chances, 
hair-breadth 'scapes \ the imminent deadly breach," 
through which Grant himself reached his "first enviro 
capital" — the Hall of the Monteznmas. 

He was at this time quartermaster of the Fourth, and 
unless called to service upon the regimental staff, might 
have remained with his baggage- wagons during every en- 
gagement: but he coveted no such exemption, and was 
always foremost in its fighting ranks. 

We know. then, that on this bright forenoon in Septem- 
ber — it is the 20th of the month, 1844 — Grant was standing 
with his brigade-comrades in an angle of the San Antonio 
Causeway. They propose by this route to make an excur- 
sion to the City of Mexico, and enter it by the San Antonio 
Gate. 

They possess some exciting information which it is desir- 
able that the reader shall also learn in order to enter into 
5 



66 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

the spirit of their adventure. They know that some oppo- 
sition is to be anticipated to their jaunt. 

They can see that, half a mile ahead, the villagers of 
San Antonio have thrown impediments across the cause- 
way which may prematurely arrest their project. They 
know that Col. Clarke, with their co-brigade, who designs 
to accompany them, has already diverged into the mead- 
ows for the purpose of avoiding the intended civilities of 
this hacienda, and reaching the road at a point beyond it. 

They know that some three miles ahead, where this 
causeway crosses the Churubusco rivulet, still more formal 
preparations are made for their reception; that a tete de 
pont has been erected with bastions, connecting-curtains, 
wet ditch, everything in the most approved engineering 
style and finish, even to the four guns in embrasure and 
barbette, bearing directly upon their narrow path; and 
that, if the Mexicans having them in charge are mischiev- 
ously disposed, quite serious consequences may there 
ensue. 

They know that a breastwork of some four hundred 
yards front connects this tete de po?it with the convent 
church of San Pablo, in the hamlet of Churubusco; and 
that, strange to say, a redoubt and abatis obstructs the en- 
trance into the sacred edifice, which, moreover, mounts 
seven cannon on its consecrated walls, crenelled also for 
musketry. 

They know, also, that Santa Anna, with a following of 
twenty-seven thousand soldiers, haa come forth from his 
palace to this interesting locality for the purpose of greet- 
ing them upon their arrival. 

They know that beyond the river and the bridge some 
eight thousand Mexican reserves are drawn up in line, 
awaiting their advent. They know that yesterday morning 
General Twiggs, with quite a large retinue, went through 




Hi' 

111 .UiM&"' 




INTERIOR GREAT CATUEDKAL, CITY OF MEXIO. 



67 



68 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

the Pedregal, some five miles to the west, for the purpose 
of visiting the fortified camp of General Valencia, who, 
with a concourse of friends, has also emerged from the city 
with hospitable intent. 

They know that it is the plan of General Twiggs' party,, 
after paying their respects to the Mexican general, to pur- 
sue a circuitous path for the purpose of avoiding the pa- 
rade and ceremonies at Churubusco, and to join Garland 
beyond the river in his excursion to the city. 

Grant, with the brigade, is awaiting the signal which 
shall announce that Clarke has reached his point of desti- 
nation. His guns at length are heard. 

Garland's war-dogs, unleashed, rush impetuously upon 
the San Antonio intrenchments, and drive out the enemy 
in a long straggling column, which Clarke, now charging 
from the meadows on its flank, cuts near the centre, hurl- 
ing the rear upon the village of Dolores as unworthy of 
further notice, but uniting with Garland in scourging the 
severed head to the compatriot embrace of Churubusco. 
But the Sixth Infantry, which is on the lead, suddenly 
comes to a halt. 

The battle rages at three points at once. Victory wavers,, 
and it is doubtful upon which banner she will perch. Gar- 
land's and Clarke's brigades are stunned in their onslaught 
upon the flank of the tete de pont. The veteran Sixth In- 
fantry stagger back, decimated from their furious leap upon 
its front. 

Duncan's battery is obliged to mask itself before the 
heavier metal of its guns. Taylor's battery, operating 
with Twiggs upon the right, crippled in men and horses, 
is driven from its position by the expert gunnery of San 
Pablo, while the assailing infantry there are terribly galled 
by the sharpshooters of its tower and roof, and Shields on 
the meadows is outflanked by the Mexican cavalry. 



IN MEXICO. 69 

( >ne daring exploit redeems the fortunes of the day— 
Lieut. Longstreet, bearing the colors of tin- Kighth Infantry, 
and leading the regimenl which he inspirits both by ex- 
hortation and example, leaps with it into the dry-ditch of 
tlic t.te de pont, escalades the curtain without ladder or 
scaling-implement, and. with the cold steel alone, clears its 
bastions of defenders, and drives them over the bridge upon 
their reserve. Quicker than thought, he turns its raptured 
guns upon San Pablo, which is -till slaughtering the col- 
umns of Twiggs upon the right. 

Relieved from the pressure of the same metal. Lieut- 
Col. Duncan gallops forward with his splendid battery. 
He opens at a distance of two hundred yards, upon the 
walls around the convent; and seizing the prolongation of 
its principal face, in the space of five minutes, by a fire of 
astonishing rapidity, drive- the artillery-men from the guns 
in that quarter,and the infantry from their intrenchments; 
and then turns his battery upon the convent tower. 

While its garrison are shocked and half demoralized by 
this overwhelming attack of Duncan from the left, the 
stormers upon the right capture the nearest salient which 
confronts them in that direction; the light artillery advance 
rapidly within effective range; San Pablo slackens fire; 
and a dozen white flags appear just as Capt. Alexander of 
the Third Infantry is entering it, sword in hand. The 
whole fortified position of Churubusco is taken. 

It was vet dark on the following morning, when Grant, 
in regimental battle line, confronts the last fortified posi- 
tion upon which depends the fate of the enemy's capital. 
Directly in his front the solid walls of Molino del Rey, five 
hundred yards in length, rise like a precipice, -ave that 
drowsy candles twinkle through its windows, intimating 
what is in store when from them shall Btare the muzzles of 
the rifles. 



70 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

On its right the Casa Mata, or arsenal, presents a for- 
bidding mass of heavy masonry, pierced for musketry, and 
enveloped by a quadrangular field-work. Between the two 
is the station of the enemy's field-battery and of the in- 
fantry deployed on either side for its protection. On its 
left, wrapped in the solemn shade of gigantic cypresses, 
towers from the summit of a porphyritic rock the royal 
■castle of Chapultepec. 

Casa Mata is assigned to Grant's comrades of the Second 
Brigade as their exclusive prey. Garland, under whom he 
serves, is aimed at the Molino alone, which, by the mask- 
ing of Chapultepec, has become the extreme left of the 
enemy; and his business is threefold — to sustain Wright's 
storming party, to protect Huger's battery of twenty-four- 
pounders, to cut off supports from the castle. 

The co-operating forces for the single movement in 
which Grant is personally concerned are all now in posi- 
tion. Garland is on the plain, staring directly into the 
-eyes of the Molino; and on the Tacubaya ridge, within five 
hundred yards of it, Huger, with his matches lighted; 
Wright, with his forlorn hope in leash; Cadwallader and 
Kirby Smith, as rese'rves against mishaps — all with hearts 
kindled, muscles braced, teeth set, awaiting the opening of 
an exciting drama. 

Morn has hardly purpled the east, before the heavy 
missiles of Huger's battering train pound the walls and 
penetrate the roof of the Molino; and, before the nearest 
mountain brings back the echo of his first gun, lights 
flash, bugles sound, shouts run, and arms clash along the 
whole line of the enemy's defenses, as the roused garrison 
begird themselves for action. At the first indication that 
the mason-work is yielding, Wright, with his half-legion 
of stormers, advances at double-quick down the Tacubaya 
slope; and unchecked by the ditch which environs the 



IX MEXICO. 71 

structure, unshaken by the sheet of flame which flashes 
from the light battery, by the musketry which showere 
upon them, by the canister and grape which enfilade every 
approach, in Bpite of it- supports, captures the enemy's 
field-battery between theCasa Mataand the Molino. 

But a> they arc trailing the guns upon the retreating 
mass, and before the} are discharged, the garrison, perceiv- 
ing that it has been dispossessed by a handful of men, and 
re-aS8Ured by the active BUpporl of its collateral lino, rallies 
in force, and temporarily discomfits and drives the victors. 
While they are bayoneting the wounded Americans left 
upon the field, Cadwallader's and Kirby Smith's reserves 
are "ii the assassins. 

( rarland now rapidly moves forward with Drum's section 
of artillery, and carries an apparently impregnable position 
undei'the guns of ('hajtultej.ee : and. stimulated by victory, 
wheels up his glittering line of bayonet- to the suj>jx>rt of 
the storming party. The Fourth joins the melange of all 
arm.- which have closed in upon the Molino, firing upon. 
it- aperture-, climbing to its roof, and striving, with the 
butts of muskets and extemporized battering-rams, to burst 
its doors. 

Major Buchanan of the Fourth, with Alden and (irant, 
forcing the southern -ate. Ayres and Anderson, with 
some dashing acrobats, vault through an embrasure at the 
northwest an- \ hand-to-hand fighl ensues, from room 

to room, from floor to floor, from roof to roof. In the main 
apartment of the building, a stalwart Mexican gathers his 
Straggling comrades into a line which threaten- to clear the- 
Molino of every assailant; but the southern gate has yielded, 
Buchanan andGranl appearwith a serried tile of the Fourth 
Infantry, and the Molino is finally captured beyond j>erad- 
venture. 

It is thus that (.rant wins his first Wi vet. Before noon 



72 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

the Casa Mata is blown up, the Molino dismantled, and the 
fatigued survivors of this desperate contest are reposing 
on their laurels at headquarters. 

While these grand events are transpiring, "Worth's divi- 
sion, stripped of its first brigade by Pillow's requisition, 
is awaiting at the Molino its predestined occupation. The 
order at'lenerth arrives; and Garland leads cautiously around 
the northern base of that consecrated hill under the sombre 
shade of its primeval grove, cheered by the stars and stripes 
which now flaunt defiance from turrets reared by Spanish 
viceroys, aimed at the entrance of the Causeway San 
Cosme, and bound for the Alameda by the northwestern 
gate. Grant is with him, and wins an additional grade on 
this immortal afternoon. 

When they reach the embankment they perceive that it 
is no place for organized operations: it is narrow; the 
ubiquitous canals are on either side; an aqueduct runs 
along the center, laid on arches of solid masonry; it is 
intersected by numerous dikes and cross-roads and by 
frowning barricades, behind which the sullen enemy lies 
in wait. The brigade is broken into detachments: a part 
are thrown out, right and left, into the marsh, advancing 
behind every natural obstacle and cover ; a part rush 
stealthily from arch to arch. Garland is now approach- 
ing the first breastwork. Behind it is the enemy in force, 
with his center resting upon it and his wings expanded. 

" When the head of the battalion was in short musket- 
range of this barrier," writes Major Lee, commander of 
the Fourth, " Lieut. Grant and Capt. Brooks, with a few 
men of their respective regiments, by a handsome move- 
ment to the left, turned the right of the enemy, and the 
barrier was carried." The soldiers display their habitual 
firmness and audacity. Worth directs the movement with 
tactical exactness — massing his scattered detachments upon 



lit HE XL 73 

he enemy in front, while carefully guarding hisown flank; 
throwing off artillery and infantry into the marsh upon the 
left to turn an abatis, into the marsh upon the right to clear 
his own :uul Quitman's front, who is pursuing ;i divergent 
march to the capital. Worth pushes his troops through ;i 
withering fire. They capture a second battery; they silence 
and dismantle a third, which enfilades their path. Th 
have reached Campo Santo, where the causeway wheels 
into the inhabited streets of the city. 

•• We here came in front of another battery,"' writes Gen- 
eral Worth in his report, " beyond which, distant some two 
hundred and fifty yards, and sustaining it, was the last de- 
fense, or the garita of San Cosine. The approach to these 
two defenses was in a right line; and the whole space was 
literally swept by grape, canister, and shells, from a heavy 
gun and howitzer; added to which, severe fires of musketry 
were delivered from the tops of the adjacent houses and 
■churches. 

It hence became necessary to vary our mode of opera- 
tions. Garland's brigade was thrown to the right, within 
and masked by the aqueduct, and instructed to dislodge 
the enemy from the buildings in his front, and endeavor to 
reach and turn the left of the garita; taking advantage of 
such cover as might offer to enable him to effect these ob- 
jects. Clarke's brigade was, at the same time, ordered to 
take the buildings on the left of the road, and, by the use 
of bars and picks, burrow through from house to house, 
and in like manner carry the right of the garita. 

While these orders were being executed, a mountain 
howitzer was placed on the top of a commanding building 
on the left, and another on the Church of San Cosme on 
the right; both of which opened with admirable effect 
The work <>f the troops was tedious, and necessarily .-low, 
?jut was greatly favored by the fire of the howitzers." The 






74 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

howitzer on San Cosme Convent is served by a steady arm,, 
and aimed by a sure eye, that will yet be of service to the 
country in direr extremities than this. 

" I recognized the command as it came up," writes Col- 
Garland in his report of the action, "mounted a howitzer 
on the top of a convent, which, under the direction of 
Lieut. Grant, Quartermaster of the Fourth Infantry, and 
Lieut. Lendrum, Third Artillery, annoyed the enemy con- 
siderably. I must not omit to call attention to Lieut- 
Grant, who acquitted himself most nobly upon several oc- 
casions under my observation." 

The orders which Worth recites in the paragraph we have 
transcribed from his report, virtually abrogates tactics for 
the remainder of the day, and transforms the movement 
into a hand-to-hand fight. 

While Grant is showering the roofs with his howitzer,, 
Garland is bush-fighting on one side of the street, and. 
Clarke burrowing on the other. 

And now ensues a scene which beggars description. The 
military vocabulary, with its technical terms, and the ste- 
reotyped phrases and imagery of military narrative, are 
powerless here. The sun is near the horizon. The war in 
the afternoon, with scope and verge enough, had, like a 
freshet, overspread the wide area of the meadows. It is 
now " bottled up " in a narrow gorge between the parallel 
walls of the street and the gate- works at its termination. 
The pent-up fury devours all before it; rages, howls, lashet 
the sides of the enclosure, as if a whole menagerie of rabid 
animals had been driven into a single pen. 

By patient toil, ingenuity, courage unparalleled; by 
Clarke on the left, with his model cannoneers transmogri- 
fied into sappers and gymnasts ; by Garland on the right, 
with his splendid infantry reduced for the occasion into 
bushwhackers; by Grant and Lendrum razeed into com- 



X 

5 

<n 

> 
f 

c 

o 
as 




7(3 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

mon gunners; by cavalrymen dismounted, voltigeurs, en- 
gineers (for all arms are in this grand melee) — inch by inch, 
foot by foot, we crowd the Mexican gunners from the bat- 
tery between us and the gateway. Duncan's artillery is 
rushed into the abandoned work with a velocity which 
drives it muzzle to muzzle against the enemy's cannon. 
" Once more to the breach!" 

And by manoeuvres which were never dreamed of on pa^ 
rade; by tactics which would astound the schools and dis- 
may the martinet; by vaulting from house-top to house- 
top, squirming from window to window, worming from, 
wall to wall; by soldiers right-face, left-face, back-face, 
obliqued; by soldiers erect, on their knees, "belly-whap- 
per;" by volleys from cannon in the street, howitzers on the 
convent; by fusilades from all rifles, all muskets, all revolv- 
ers, from all skirmishers, squads, detachments, single men; 
by bullets from every loop-hole, cover, "coigne of vantage" 
— the riddled garita sullenly yields. The welkin rings 
with a shout which carries consternation to ten thousand 
Mexican homes, as the pent-up war went roaring through 
the pass. The city is ours ! 



Xiieut. Grant Witnessing General Scott's Triumphal Entry into the 
City of Mexico— What He Sees from the Grand Plaza. 

Grant was an interested spectator of that splendid pageant, 
the culminating felicity of Scott's long military career — his 
ceremonious entrance, with all the honors, into the City of 
Mexico. 

He sees groups of discharged felons, wearing their tat- 
tered mantles with the air of Spanish grandees, grasping 
their stilettos, and frowning vengeance upon the hated 
Yankees, who stand between them and universal pillage. 
He sees the flags floating from the ambassadorial palaces, 



IN MEXICO. 77 

and groups of elegantly-attired women behind them, peer- 
ing through their folds ugonthe spectacle beneath; and in 
tin' balconies the gaudy costume of sefior and sefiorita, 
gazing with varied emotion upon the begrimed and bronzed 
soldiery before whose resistless valor has sunk every em- 
blem of their independence and sovereignty. lie hears 
the measured tramp of armed column-, the distant roll of 
artillery "wheels, the clash of arms upon the pavement, the 
sounding hoofs of horses on the street, the inspiriting burst 
of •" Hail to the Chief," as Worth's veteran warriors, drawn 
up in line of battle upon the Alameda, salute the passing 
cavalcade of the general-in-chief. On the Grand Plaza, 
where, in front of the magnificent cathedral, Quitman's 
division is presenting arms, Grant beholds, in the full uni- 
form of his rank, escorted by a squadron of dragoons, and 
half hid by the flashing trappings of his staff, the towering 
form of that chieftain, who, after storming the strongholds 
of Mexico and annihilating her armies, alights at the steps 
of her national palace, conscious desert ennobling his line- 
aments, and the premonitions of an established fame ani- 
mating his bosom. 



The Science of War — General Scott is Grant's Teacher — Theory vs- 

Practice. 

The qualification for the chief of mighty armies is the 
science of command itself, which teaches where armies 
shall be stationed, engagements won, and campaigns con- 
ducted. You may con the battles and operations of the 
most celebrated warriors in biographies; you may learn by 
heart their war maxims, as you may try to master chess 
without a competitor, or anatomy and surgery without an 
operating room; but a century of such fancy drill in tl 
-arts will never produce a Morpby, a Mott. or a Napoleon. 



78 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

I have heard General Grant affirm, says Mr. Deming, that r 
" when he was first intrusted with high military authority, 
he knew nothing of strategy except what he had learned 
by critical observation, upon the spot, of the modes and ex. 
pedients by which the genius of Scott counterbalanced the 
intrenched positions and the numerical superiority of the 
Mexicans." 

It is a source of profound gratification that such a model 
campaign, in all respects, was presented for his study and 
consideration. It has been justly said of it, that it was 
conducted with fewer strategical mistakes, with less sacri- 
fice of men, with less devastation in proportion to its vic- 
tories, and with more fidelity to the established laws and 
usages of war, than that of any invading general upon 
record. 

Entering into and a part of this science of command is 
that genius — born, not made — by which the great masters 
of the art magnetize every soldier in the ranks. There is 
something more in war than what Napoleon's maxim as- 
serts — " the art of being the strongest." The warrior 
works with instruments that have souls within them. A 
general may be familiar with all that the books teach of 
war ; he may be expert in every minutia of tactics ; he may 
be accomplished in the theoretical and mechanical parts 
of strategy ; he may have learned all of it which can be 
taught by study, and also by experience / yet if he lack but 
one thing — this personal ascendency — down to the dust 
will his banner sink before that antagonist whose sole 
superiority is the possession of this exalted attribute. 

It is this power, which, in the dire extremity, makes one 
man ten, and a thousand put ten thousand to flight. It 
was this which Frederick exhibited when his twice ten 
thousand veterans, inspired by his own genius, vanquished 
at Rosbach four times ten thousand French and Austrians; 



I.X .1/ E Xli 



79 



the father and tin king exhorting his grenadiers as I 
passed into the battle-cloud, >% You yourselves know that 
there have been no watchings, no fatigues, no sufferings, 
no dangers, which I have not steadily shared with you up 
to this verv hour; and you now see me ready to die with 

WW v 

you and for you. All that I ask of you, comrades, is that 

you return me zeal for zeal and love for love." It was the 
power of the four consummate warriors of the race — 

" The science of commanding; 
The godlike art of moulding, welding, fettering, banding 
The minds of millions till they move like one." 

It can not be reasonably doubted that Scott possessed, to 
a considerable degree, this inspiring quality of eminent 
generalship; and it is fortunate, that, for so long a period. 
Grant dwelt so near the source of inspiration that he may 
have caught the flame; close to the magnet that he may 
have imbibed a portion of its mysterious power. 



<i ^ a & ■&" 
" /*«\ . 






GEN. GRANT'S MARRIAGE. 



General Grant's Capture of a " Willing Prisoner " — Her Name 

Was " Miss Julia '' — His Marriage — Social 

Life in Detroit. 

After his war with the gods, Prometheus — so the story 
goes — was bound to a rock in Caucasus, and an immense 
vulture sent daily to pounce upon his liver, which grew as 
fast as it was devoured. His punishment seems to be typi- 
cal of the tedium which preys upon the mind of the soldier 
when he passes suddenly from such scenes as Churubusco 
and Chapultepec to the torpid perceptions and sluggish 
arterial circulation of a hibernating bear at Fort Desola- 
tion. 

We never should have heard of Grant, says a friend, after 
his second imprisonment in one of these dungeons of De- 
spair, but for an incident the most fortunate of his varied 
career. 

He was allowed by his military superiors to select an as- 
sociate to share his exile from military activity. His choice 
fell upon one who deserved all his confidence and love. He 
carried with him to his monotonous duties cheerfulness and 
consolation in the person of a bride. 

He was married in August, 1848, to Miss Julia T. Dent, 
the daughter of Frederick Dent, a merchant of St. Louis; 
and the sister of Frederick T. Dent, a classmate at West 
Point, who has since risen to the rank of brevet brigadier- 
general, and was the aide of Grant in several engagements, 
and his assistant secretary of war when he was the head, 
ad interim, of that department. 

80 



GEN. QUANTS MARRIAGE. 81 

She has proved herself the kindest and most affectionate 
of wives; sharing with nnabated courage and constancy the 
trials and disappointments of his early manhood; fully ex- 
emplifying the truth of Lord Bacon's aphorism, thai " vir- 
tue, like precious odors, is most fragrant when incensed or 
crashed." 

Prosperity and renown have since brought to him a cup 
crowned with bl< - gs; but, among them all, there is no 
choicer felicity than that the wife of his youth, in the 
bloom of her years, is permitted to -hare them. 

Fame and position have also entailed their peculiar 
trials and anxieties; but they are always met with forti- 
tude and composure when cheered and sustained by the 
companion who has stood beside him in so many emer- 
gencies, and in both extremities of fortune. 

Washington, at the age of twenty-six, terminated his 
novitiate in that French and Indian War which trained him 
for the Revolution, at Fort du Quesne. At the age of 
twenty-six, and at the conclusion of Grant's novitiate in 
the Mexican War which schooled him for the War of the 
Rebellion, he was stationed at Detroit, 

This city, charming in its natural situation, and, by the 
beautv of its streets and the elegance of its mansions, at- 
tractive as a residence, is still more captivating for its so- 
ciety, refined, cultivated, and intellectual, which, descending 
as it has from the earliest times, is in some measure due 
to its origin from the most polished nation in the world. 

The social parties of Detroit in the winter of 1S48-9 
delightfully relieved the dull routine of a quartermaster's 
duty. The new tie which Grant had recently formed, in 
addition to rendering his own quarters pleasant and invit- 
ing, drew him out of himself, from the mess-room and his 
cigar, to the pleasant and agreeable circles in the city. 

Mrs. Grant was herself fond of social pleasures and 
6 



82 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

amusements, and they soon became far from insupportable 
to her husband. It is not true, as is generally supposed, 
that in private life Grant wraps himself up in reticence and 
reserve. It is only when pressed to divulge prospective 
military designs, pumped by adroit politicians to indorse 
party platforms, pestered by those who worship " gab " to 
play the role of stump-orator on every appropriate and in- 
appropriate occasion, that it becomes as inconvenient and 
impossible for him to speak as it was for Sir Mungo Mala- 
growther to hear when his withers were wrung by some 
disagreeable innuendo. In the society of friends, and even 
strangers worthy of his civility, Grant is found to be well 
posted on the current themes of conversation. 

General McPherson, who was a distinguished division- 
commander under General Grant, on one occasion said to 
a friend: "To know and appreciate General Grant fully, 
one ought to be a member of his military family. Though 
possessing a remarkable reticence as far as military opera- 
tions are concerned, he is frank and affable, converses well, 
and has a peculiarly retentive memory. When not op- 
pressed with the cares of his position, he is very fond of 
talking and telling anecdotes." 

Let it not, therefore, be supposed that Lieut. Grant was 
not "master of the situation,"' even in the fashionable 
-circles of Detroit. 




IN TTTE FAR WEST. 



General Grant in Oregon— Watching the Indians. 

Early in 1852, the Fourth Infantry, in which Grant was 
still acting quartermaster, was ordered to the Pacific coast. 
The first station of Grant was at Benicia, where we find 
him in the fall of 1S52. This is a depot of ordnance and 
quartermasters' stores in the Pacific Department; and he 
is engaged here for a few weeks in making requisitions and 
shipping supplies, when he is ordered to Fort Vancouver 
in Oregon. 

Grant departs with his regiment to this forlorn spot, iso- 
lated from civilization on the east by an intervening wil- 
derness more than two thousand miles in breadth, and from 
civilization on the west by a coast-range of sombre moun- 
tains, which >hnts it off even — save by one avenue — from 
the great highway of nations. 

Vancouver is eighty miles from the sea, enveloped in the 
melancholy shade of primitive forests. When Grant 
reached it, he found it still retained as one of the central 
seats of traffic and distribution by the Hudson's P>ay Com- 
pany. During the era of conflicting claims 1m 'tween the 
United States and Great Britain upon Oregon, it had 
pushed its pretensions into that territory, wove #ver it a 
network of chief and subordinate e tablishments, and now 
exercised unlimited control over the nomadic Indians whom 
the Fourth Infantry had been despatched to quell. 

The station of the company, in the center of the clear- 
ing, wore all the aspects of a military post. An imposing 



84 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GRANT. 

stockade encloses an area of about seven acres, with 
mounted bastions at two of its angles ; within are the 
governor's residence, two small buildings for clerks, and a 
range of dwellings for families; without is another store- 
house, under lease to our government; and a few hundred 
yards farther to the east, rising from a plain upon the very 
edge of immemorial woods, are the log houses known as 
the Columbia Barracks; and within an arrow's flight of 
our flag-staff is a group of hovels, occupied by Indians, 
servants, and Kanackas. 

Four companies of the Fourth are here, with Grant still 
quartermaster : one company is at Fort Dallas, higher up 
the Columbia; and the remainder are so distributed as to 
guard and keep open communication between Oregon and 
California, with assistant quartermasters for their respect- 
've stations. 

At this desolate station, Grant vegetated for one year. 
Cervantes never sent Don Quixote on an adventure more 
fantastic than the one which the Secretary of War had or- 
dered four companies of an infantry regiment to achieve. 

They must guard the trail of emigrants through Oregon ; 
the whole army of the United States could not effectually 
do it. They must chastise Indian raiders upon the route; 
winged soldiers, with pinions like a condor to buffet moun- 
tain-blasts, might attempt it with some hope of success; 
but it is utterly beyond the capacity of bipeds moving 
along the earth. 

When a report reaches the garrison that the Indians are 
at a particular post, you put your finger upon them, and 
they are not there. Before a company is rallied, the war- 
party vanishes, and can be captured as easily as the winds 
which were with them, at the same hour, upon the same 
occasion. 

The sole service of troops at Vancouver is as a moral 



86 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

support to the emigrants, and a terror to the wild foe. 
Even the alarms, which during the first six months tempo- 
rarily animate the garrison, are soon checked by the adroit- 
ness of Lieut.-Col. Bonneville in command, who establishes 
intimate relations with the servants of the Hudson Bay 
Company, and, through the instrumentality of its widely- 
scattered agencies, succeeds in pacifying the tribes. 

The second half year opens with the purpose accom- 
plished for which the troops were sent. There is no Indian 
raider upon the trail, no war-party in the mountains, no 
war-cloud in the horizon. The emigrant train winds along 




the desolate track to Oregon City, without ambuscade or 
assault. There is no call upon the garrison, except to the 
drill and to the dress parade: "nothing to do " assails it 
like a plague. 

To Grant's active mind it was inexpressibly irksome. 
Amusements fail to divert him. Snorting mustangs haunt 
the plain, bounding beneath the rider as if each muscle 
were a separate prancer, and the entire horse one "of 
Ukraine breed." The man born on horseback scorns to be- 
stride them. Gangs of Kanackas, in fantastic attire, 
mounted on these wild coursers, career and caracole, ad- 
vance, retreat, wind circle within circle, as they represent 
mimic battles and hippodromes, before the barrack-door; 
but they fail to enliven the dull eye of the spectator. An 



IN THE FAIt WEi I 



87 



elk of twelve tines, dashing through the.underbrush, hardly 
tempts him to the chase. The salmon — gamiest of fish 
— leaps the cascades of the Columbia, on its way to the 
spawning-shoal, in the stupendous denies of the mountain-. 
The deep pool below fairly whirls and glistens with the 
arrested silver-hack:-, which dart at a fly in mid-air, with 

an eagerness of spring that would have crazed old Izaak 

Walton, and held him t'<>r days absorbed in wild enchant- 
ment. Grant throws his line with as much listlessness 
if he were bobbing for tadpoles in a tan vat. 




SBr' 



THE FARMER. 



General Grant a Farmer— He Buys a Farm and Settles Down near 

St. Louis. 

In a period of profound national peace, Capt. Grant dis- 
cards his epaulets, that he may enjoy domestic life. He 
resigned his commission as captain in the army July 31,. 
1854, with the certain knowledge that he must earn a live- 
lihood for himself and family by the labor of his hands- 
and the sweat of his brow: after all, as the Spanish pro- 
verb hath it, " the shirt is nearer than the coat." 

The choice and the sacrifice equally impress the thought- 
ful mind, while this new life-discipline produces fruit in the 
character which is not to be despised. He makes himself 
a good husband and a good father, and therefore becomes 
a good citizen. He works, that he may never bend " the- 
pliant hinges of the knee " to power or riches. 

Let not proud ambition mock this homely joy bought by 
useful toil! Labor is twice blessed which duty inspires;, 
and, as old George Herbert says, " The man who sweeps- 
the church makes it and himself to be clean." 

The nation is made up of men whose daily life is daily 
toil ; and no one represents its tone, or is fit to govern it, who 
has not learned by bitter trial that " wealth is best known 
by want." 

Brave souls alone-can endure this ordeal ; the feeble would 
die from inanition; the bright would corrode with rust; the 
impetuous slide into crime; the fanciful fret themselves to 
death in chasing the chimeras of an impracticable imagin- 
ation; but the fort esprit endures and waits. 

S3 



THE FARMER. 89 

U. S. Grant, with his family, removed to Gravois, south- 
west of St. Louis, where he owned and worked a farm, and 
from whence he was in the habit of cntting wood, drawing 
it to Carondelet, and selling it in the market there. 

Manv of his wood purchasers are now calling to mind 
that they had a cord of wood delivered in person by the 
great General Grant. 

"When he came into the wood market he was usually 
dressed in an old felt hat, with a blouse coat, and his pants 
tucked in the tops of his boots. In truth, he bore the 
appearance of a sturdy, honest woodman. This was his 
"Winter's work. 

In the Summer he turned a collector of debts; but for 
this he was not qualified. He had a noble and truthful 
soul; so when he was told that the debtor had no money, 
he believed him, and would not trouble the debtor again. 
• How many of the illustrious of the earth have endured 
the same discipline! how many have failed to be illustrious 
because they have shrunk from bearing this cross! 

At the age of thirty-six, Grant was a working husband- 
man on a ^Missouri farm. 

At the age of thirty-six, Cromwell was a farmer at St. 
Ives, cultivating his fields, multiplying his flocks and 
herds. 

At the age of thirty-six, "Washington was a planter, rais- 
ing tobacco, and copying his accounts with mercantile 
neatness and precision. 

At thirty-six, Peter the Great was working with his own 
hands, as a common shipwright, in the dockyards of Am- 
sterdam. 

Franklin was not a less deliberate and cautious states- 
man, because at thirty-six he had been a patient type-setter. 

Nor was Sherman a worse counsellor in evil times for 
having, at the same age, used the awl and the wax-end. 



90 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 



How many have emerged from the humblest positions to 
the foremost ranks of our citizenship! 

Our barefooted plowboys rise to ride the Steed of 
State, and wield the rod of republican empire. 

Our printing-press sends forth its Franklin; our shoe- 
maker's bench, its Roger Sherman ; our blacksmith's forge, 
its General Greene; our rustic inn, its General Putnam; 
our clockmaker's stool, its John Fitch; our little grocery- 
shop, its Patrick Henry; the rude habitation of a peasant 
noble, in the midst of a forest, upon a frontier of civiliza- 
tion, its Daniel Webster; the shanty of a humble Irish 
emigrant amid the wilds of the "Waxhaws, its President 
Andrew Jackson; a lowly cot upon the ' slashes of the Vir- 
ginia Hanover,' its Henry Clay; our weaver's loom, its 
President Fillmore; our machinist's block, its self-taught 
representative of the industrious masses, X. P. Banks. 

" And we may add, that, from the log-cabin of a Kentucky 
backwoodsman, Abraham Lincoln reaches the chair of 
President, to reflect more renown than he could inherit 
from the office, by subsecpiently ascending that dais in the 
temple of the world's great men, which only belongs to de- 
liverers of nations and martyrs to liberty, and to the re- 
served seat upon it, which from the beginning had awaited 
the coming of the emancipator of a race." 




IX ILLINOIS. 



Grant as a Citizen of Illinois— His Life in Galena— What He Knows 

About Leather. 

I taring the year 1859 — twenty year6 ago— Grant became 

a citizen of Illinois, choosing the City of Galena, in Jo 




Going to the Store. 

Daviess County, aa his place of abode, where he engaged 

in the leather trade with his father and a younger brother. 

He lived in "a cottage on the hill," with his wife and 

four children, walking to and fro, from the leather store 

91 



92 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

and back to his house three or four times a clay; saving, al- 
ways with decided emphasis, to almost every casual friend 
accompanying him, as they jDicked their broken way, "If 
1 am ever mayor of Galena 1 will mend this pavement" 

His thorough knowledge of the leather business may be- 
inferred from the following stories: 

While operating in the vicinity of Vicksburg his pro- 
fessed political friends paid a visit to his headquarters, and 
after a short time spent in compliments, they touched upon 
the never-ending subject of politics. One of the party was 
in the midst of a very flowery speech, using all his rhetori- 
cal powers to induce the general, if possible, to view mat- 
ters in the same light as himself, when he was suddenly 
stopped by Grant. 

" There is no use of talking politics to me. I know 
nothing about them ; and, furthermore, I do not know of 
any person among my acquaintances who does. But," 
continued he, " there is one subject with which I am per- 
fectly acquainted; talk of that, and I am your man?" 

"What is that, General?" asked the politicians, in great 
surprise. 

" Tanning leather," was the reply. 

The subject was immediately changed. 

On another occasion an infamous proposal was made by 
a person to General Grant while he was staying at his 
headquarters " in the field." The general, irritated, ad 
ministered a severe kick to the proposer, with the toe of 
his great cavalry boot ; and, after the fellow had been 
driven from the tent, one of his staff remarked to a com- 
panion, that he did not think the general had hurt the 
rascal. 

" Never fear," was the reply; " that boot never fails un- 
der such circumstances, for the leather came from Grant's 
store, in Galena." 



N ILLINOIS. 93 

General Smith's Graphic Description of Grant's Galena Life — 
Laughable Reception by His Regiment. 

Sitting round a blazing camp-fire a few evenings since, 
writes a gentleman in a letter, dated Raleigh, N. C, April 

24, 1865, several Illinois officers related their experiences 
of General Grant in civil life. Here is, as nearly as I can 
recollect it, what General John E. Smith said on the sub- 
ject : 

k ' I don't believe any man in Illinois knew Grant better 
than I did, and I think I had quite as much to do as any 
other man in bringing him into the war. I lived in Galena 
at the time. Grant's place of business was near mine. He 
kept a hardware and saddlery store. I used to drop in to 
see him very often on my way home, and he and I would 
generally smoke our pipes together in his office adjoining 
his store. He was a very poor business man, and never 
liked to wait on customers. If a customer called in the 
absence of the clerks, he would tell him to wait a few min- 
utes till one of the clerks returned; and if he couldn't 
wait, the General would go behind the counter very reluct- 
antly and drag down whatever was wanted; but he hardly 
ever knew the price of it, and in nine cases out of ten he 
charged either too much or too little. He would rather 
talk about the Mexican War than wait upon the best cus- 
tomer m the world. 

" "When the war broke out, I told him one day that I was 
going down to Springfield to see Governor Yates, who had 
sent tor me. Grant merely remarked in a quiet way: 'You 
can say to the Governor that if I can be of any use to him 
m the organization of these regiments I will be glad to do 
what 1 can.' 

" I went to Springfield, ana made arrangements for 
Grant to be sent tor. lie came right down and went to 
work to organize ten regiments called out as a sortofhome 



94 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 



guard, for thirty days at first, but afterwards enlisted for 
three years. "When he had done this and was ready to go 
home, Governor Yates offered him the Colonelcy of the 
Twenty-first Regiment, one of the ten. He accepted it, and 
immediately went to camp. 




The State Capitol at Springfield, III. 

" I went with him, and I shall never forget the scene 
that occurred when his men first saw him. It was very 
laughable. Grant was dressed very clumsily, in a suit of 
citizen's clothes — an old coat worn out at the elbows, and 
a badly-dinged plug hat. His men, though ragged and 
barefooted themselves, had formed a high estimate of what 



IJf I LI. 1 Mi[S. 



96 



a Colonel ought to lie; and when Grant walked in among 
them they began making fun of him. They cried in de- 
rision: 

•••Look at our Colonel V 'What a Colonel!' 'Oh, 
what a Colonel!' — and made all sorts of fun of him. 

•• A few of them, to * show oft'' to the others, got behind 
his back and began sparring «it him; and. while one was 
doing this, another gave him such a pnsh that made him 
hit Grant a terrible blow between the shoulders. 

■• The General soon showed that they must not judge the 
officer by the uniform, and before he irot through, the un- 
ruly fellows felt much mortified. 

"One of them generously confessed that it was all in 
fun. and hoped the new Colonel wouldn't get mad about it. 
Grant went to work immediately, and in a very short time 
had his men clothed and fixed up in good style." 




IX THE REBELLION. 



Gov. Yates' Story of How Grant Got into the Army. 

On the 13th of April, 1861, Grant heard the news of 
the fall of Sumter. On the 14th, he began enrolling re- 
cruits; on the 19th, he was drilling his volunteers in the 
streets; on the 23d, he marched with them to Springfield, 
the capital of Illinois. When he reached this place he 
wrote a letter to the adjutant-general of the state, rehears- 
ing his antecedents, and offering his skill and experience 
in arms to the governor, " in whatever situation he may 
be pleased to place me." 

Having received no reply to this communication, he 
presented himself in person to Gov. Yates, and solicited 
military employment. 

" In presenting himself to me," says Gov. Yates, " Grant 
made no reference to any merits, but simply said he had 
been the recipient of a military education at "West Point; 
and, now that the country was assailed, he thought it his 
duty to offer his services; and that he would esteem it a 
privilege to be assigned to any position where he could be 
useful. 

" I can not now claim to myself the credit of having 
discerned in him the promise of great achievements, or the 
qualities ' which minister to the making of great names,' 
more than in many others who proposed to enter the mili- 
tary service, His appearance at first sight is not striking. 
He had no grand airs, no imposing appearance ; and I con- 
fess, it could not be said he was a form — 

96 




UXTOROOTTEN. 



98 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

" ' Where every god did seem to set his seal 
To give the world assurance of a man.' 

" He was plain, very plain; but still something — perhaps 
his plain, straightforward modesty and earnestness — induced 
me to assign him a desk in the executive office. In a short 
time I found him to be an invaluable assistant in my office 
and in that of the adjutant-general. He was soon after 
assigned to the command of the six camps of organization 
and instruction which I had established in the state. 

" Early in June, 1861, I telegraphed him at Covington, 
Ky. (where he had gone on a brief visit to his father), 
tendering him the colonelcy of the Twenty-first Regiment 
of Illinois Infantry, which he promptly accepted; and on 
the 15th of June he assumed the command. The regiment 
had become much demoralized from lack of discipline, and 
contention in regard to promotions. On this account Ool, 
Grant, being under marching orders, declined railroad trans- 
portation, and, for the sake of discipline, marched them on 
foot toward the scene of operations in Missouri; and in a 
short time he had his regiment under perfect control 



>> 



Th<-i Reported Story that Grant Borrowed Mooay Is w*«Ja^a to 
Equip Himself for the War. 

Charles A. Washburne, when asked if he had ever heard 
the story that Elihu Washburne sent General Grant money 
to equip himself for the war, replied' 

" I don't know much about their financial relations,, A 
prominent man in Galena told me this ; 

" That Grant was called forward to preside at a soldiers' 
meeting, and he told Elihu, as his Congressman, that he 
thought it was his duty to go into the army. Elihu gave him 
a letter to Gov. Yates, recommending him as an ex-officer 



IN THE REBELLION. 99 

o\' the regular army, who had graduated at West Point, and 
who ought to have a regiment. 

•■ My Informant Baid that rates put Grant in the Adju- 
tant's office, and set him t<» copying. After awhile Grant 

said to the Governor: 'You can get a man to do this work 
at one dollar a day, and. if this is all you have to give me, 
I shall go back to Galena." 

••The day following his arrival in Galena I am told that 
a gentleman saw Grant between daybreak and sunrise 
walking with Elihu Washburne down to the railroad depot. 

"The train winch leaves Dunleith, going south, comes 
through Galena very early in the morning. My brother 
Elihu was carrying Grant's carpet-bag, and going to the 
station with him. 

••This gentleman says he saw them together, and Bays 
that Elihu, as soon as Grant came back from Springfield, 
told him to return again instantly with a more peremptory 
letter, and to stay until Yates would give him a regiment. 

- If that is true, it is a rather significant thing. Grant 
might have become a mere Lieutenant or Captain, and not 
have pressed his way to the front as soon as he did." 



Grant's First Movements in the Great Rebellion, and his First 

Little Speech. 

Gem Grant's first movement in the great rebellion, and 
it is a singular coincidence, was to pitch his tent in Mexico. 
But this time it was a Missouri village, and belonged to 
the Western Department of the Army, under the authority 
of Major General Fremont. He was placed in command 
of the troops at this point July 31, 1861, but was soon 
afterwards transferred from Mexico to Ironton, and subse- 
quently to Jefferson City, with no other military care, thus 
far, than to drill and discipline his own regiment, the 



100 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

Twenty-first Illinois, and to watch the machinations of the 
Missouri rebels and partisan gatherings, armed and un- 
armed, in complicity with treason. 

In spite of Grant's limited acquaintance with political 
leaders, his qualifications for military position had reached 
the ears of Hon. Elihu B. Washburne, who, for more than 
twelve years, had represented the Galena district in Con- 
gress, but to whom Grant at this time was personally un- 
known ; and upon his recommendation, with the full 
approval of the colleagues whom he consulted, Grant was 
commissioned by President Lincoln brigadier-general of 
volunteers. 

His commission was to bear date from May, 1861; and 
the first intimation or knowledge which Grant received of 
it was through the daily newspapers. 

On the 1st of September, 1S61, he assumed command of 
the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at 
Cairo. Here his personal responsibility for military oper- 
ations begins. 

On the 5th of September he heard of Polk's demonstra- 
tions within the borders of his district, and forthwith tele- 
graphed the fact to the Kentucky legislature, and to his 
commanding general for instructions; saying to the latter: 
"I am getting ready to start for Paducah; will start at six 
and a half o'clock:" and, later in the afternoon, "I am now 
ready for Paducah, should not telegram arrive preventing 
the movement." 

He receives no reply. At an early dawn on the morning 
of the 6th of September, as the rebel general, Tilghman, 
was drilling recruits in camp at Paducah, he sees the 
steamer " Mound City " covered with blue coats, the stars 
and stripes at the gaff, looming out of the fog which had 
settled on the Ohio. He abdicates immediately, and hur- 
ries off with his volunteers by railroad to the south. Gen- 



TN THE BE HELLION. 101 

era! Grant marches a detachmenl ashore, takes possession 
of the rebel munitions of war, and proclaims, among other 
things, the following words: 

"I am come among you, not as an enemy, but as your fellow-citizen. 
Not to maltreat you nor annoy you, but to respect and enforce the rights 
of all loyal citizens. An enemy, in rebellion against our common gov- 
ernment, has taken possession of, and planted its guns on the soil of Ken- 
tucky, and fired upon you. Columbus and Hickman are in his hands. 
He is moving upon your city. I am here to defend you against this ene- 
my, to assist the authority and sovereignty of your government. 1 lutve 
nothing to do with opinions, and shall deal only with armed rebellion, and 
its aiders and abettors. You can pursue your usual avocations without 
fear. Tbe strong arm of the government is here to protect its friends, 
and punish its enemies. Whenever it is manifest that you are able to 
defend yourselves, and maintain the authority of the government, and 
protect the rights of loyal citizens, I shall withdraw the forces under my 
command." 

lie leaves a garrison at Padncah, and by twelve o'clock 
is on his return to Cairo, where he finds permission from 
Fremont "to move on to Padncah if he feels strong 
enongh !" 

General Grant, when in camp at Cairo, presented little, 
in fact nothing, of the gewgaws and trappings which are 
generally attached to the attire of a general; and in this 
respect lie showed a marked contrast between himself and 
some of his sub-lieutenants, whose bright button- and glit- 
tering shoulder-straps were perfectly resplendent. The 
general, instead, would move about the cam}) with his 
attire carelessly thrown on, and left to fall as it pleased. 
In fact, he seemed to care nothing ;it all about his personal 
appearance, and in the place of the usual military hat and 
gold cord, he wore an old battered hlaek hat, generally des- 
ignated as a " stove-pipe," an article that his subordinate.- 



102 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

would not have stooped to pick up. In his mouth he car- 
ried* a black-looking cigar, and he seemed to be perpetually 
smoking. 



General Grant's Private Letter to his Father, Describing the 
Opening Battle at Belmont. 

This was Grant's first battle in the Rebellion. To his 
father he described it as follows : 

"Day before yesterday I left Cairo with about three 
thousand men, in five steamers, convoyed by two gunboats, 
and proceeded down the river to within about twelve miles 
of Columbus. The next morning the boats were dropped 
down just out of range of the enemy's batteries, and the 
troops debarked. During this operation our gunboats exer- 
cised the reoels by throwing shells into their camps and 
batteries. When all ready, we proceeded about one mile 
toward Belmont, opposite Columbus, when I formed the 
troops into line, and ordered two companies from each reg- 
iment to deploy as skirmishers, and push on through the 
woods and discover the position of the enemy. They had 
gone but a little way when they were fired upon, and the 
ball may be said to have fairly opened. 

"The whole command, with the exception of a small 
reserve, was then deployed in like manner and ordered for- 
ward. The order was obeyed with great alacrity, the men 
all showing great courage. I can say with great gratifica- 
tion that every colonel, without a single exception, set an 
example to their commands that inspired a confidence that 
will always insure victory when there is the slightest pos- 
sibility of gaining one. I feel truly proud to command 
such men. 

" From here we fought our way from tree to tree through 
the woods to Belmont, about two and a half miles, the en- 



I.X THE REBELLION. 1° 3 

emy contesting every fool of ground. Eere the enem\ 
had strengthened their position by felling the trees for two 
or three hundred yards, and sharpening their limbs 3 making 
a Borl of abatis. Our men charged through, making the 
victory complete, giving us possession of their camp and 
garrison equipage, artillery, nd everything else. 

"We got a great many prisoners. The majority, how- 
ever, succeeded in getting aboard their steamers and push- 
ing across the river. "We burned everything possible and 
started back, having accomplished all that we went for, and 

even i e. Belmont is entirely covered by the batteries 

from Columbus, and is worth nothing as a military posi- 
tion — can not be held without Columbus. 

'•The object of the expedition was to prevent the enemy 
from sending a force into Missouri to cut off troops I 
had sent there for u special purpose, and to prevent re-en- 
forcing Price. 

'•Besides beinsr well fortified at Columbus, their number 
far exceeded ours, and it would have been folly to have 
attacked them. TTe found the Confederates well armed 
and brave. On our return, stragglers, that had been left 
in our rear (now front) fired into us, and more recrossed 
the river and gave us battle for a full mile, and afterward 
at the boats when we were embarking. 

"There was no hasty retreating or running away. Tak- 
ing into account the object of the expedition, the victory 
was complete. It has given us confidence in the offic 
and men of this command, that will enable us to lead them 
in anv future engagement without fear of the result. Gen- 
era! McClernand (who, by the way, acted with great cool- 
ness and courage throughout, and proved that he is a sol- 
dier as well as a statesman) and myself, each had our hors< - 
shot under as. Most of the field officers met with the same 
loss, beside nearly one third oi' them being themselves 



104 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

killed or wounded. As near as I can ascertain, our loss 
was about |two hundred and fifty killed, wounded, and 
missing." 



General Grant's Own Description of the Battle of Fort Donelson 

In his report of what General Grant's guarded lips al- 
ways calls " the terrible conflict," the battle of Fort Don- 
elson, he says: 

" I left Fort Henry on the 12th instant, with a force of 
about fifteen thousand men, divided into two divisions, 
under the command of Generals McClernand and Smith. 
Six regiments were sent around by water the day before, 
convoyed by a gunboat (or boats), and with instructions 
not to pass it. 

The troops made the march in good order, the head of 
the column arriving within two miles of the fort at twelve 
o'clock M. At this point the enemy's pickets were met and 
driven in. The fortifications of the enemy were from this 
point gradually approached and surrounded, with occasional! 
skirmishing on the line. 

The following day, owing to the non-arrival of the gun- 
boats and re-enforcements sent by water, no attack was 
made, but the investment was extended on the flanks of the 
enemy, and drawn closer to his works, with skirmishing all 
day. 

" On the evening of the 13th, the gunboats and re-enforce- 
ments arrived. 

" On the 11th, a gallant attack was made by Flag-Officer 
Foote upon the enemy's river batteries with his fleet. The 
engagement lasted probably one hour and a half, and bid 
fair to result favorably, when two unlucky shots disabled 
two of the armored boats, so that they were carried back 
by the current. The remaining two were very much dis- 



JN THE REBELLION. lu *> 

abled, also, having received a number of heavy shot:- about 
the pilot-houses and other |»;irts of the vessels. 

•• After these mishaps, [concluded to make the invest- 
ment ; if Fort DoneUin as perfect as possible, and partially 
fortify, and awail repairs to the gunboats. This plan was 
frustrated, however, by the enemy making amost vigorous 
attack upon onr right wing, commanded by Brigadier-Gen- 
eral J. A. McClernand, and which consisted of his division. 
and a portion of the force under General L. Wallace. 

" The enemy were repelled, after a closely contested 
battle of several hours, in which our loss was heavy. The 
officers suffered out of proportion. I have not the means 
of determining our loss, even approximately, but it can not 
fall far short of twelve hundred killed, wounded, and miss- 
ing. Of the latter, I understand, through General Buck- 
ner, about two hundred and fifty were taken prisoners. 1 
shall retain here enough of the enemy to exchange for 
them, as they were immediately shipped off, and not left 
for recapture. 

" About the close of this action the ammunition and 
cartridge-boxes gave out, which, with the loss of many of 
the field officers, produced great confusion in the ranks. 
Seeing that the enemv did not take advantage of it, con- 
vinced me that equal confusion, and. consequently, great 
demoralization, existed with him. Taking advantage of 
this fact, T ordered a charge upon the left (enemy's right) 
with the division under General C. F. Smith, which was 
most brilliantly executed, and gave to our arms full assur- 
ance of victory. 

" The battle lasted until dark, and gave us possession of 
part of the Lntrenchment. An attack was ordered from the 
other flank after the charge by General Smith was com- 
menced, bv the divisions under McClernand and Wallace, 
which, notwithstanding hours of exposure to a heavy fire in 



JiV THE REBELLION. 107 

the fore pari of the day, was gallantly made, and theenemy 
further repulsed. At the points thus gained,nigh1 baving 
come on, all the troops encamped for the night, feeling 
that a complete victory would crown their efforts al an 
early hour in the morning. This morning, at a very early 
hour, a note was received from General Buckner, under a 
flag of truce, proposing an armistice." 

General Bucfcner's -non'" to Grant on this occasion read 
as follows: 

"Sir: In consideration of all the circumstances governing the pres- 
ent situation of affairs at this station, I propose to the commanding 
officer of the Federal forces the appointment of commissioners, to agree 
upon terms of capitulation of the forces and post under my command, 
and in that view suggest an armistice until twelve o'clock to-day." 

To which General Grant replied: 

"Sir: Yours of this date proposing armistice and appointment of 
commissioners to settle terms of capitulation, is just received. No 
terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. 
I propose to mote immediately upon your works." 

General Buckner surrendered at once his claims to Fort 
Donelson, with about tifteen thousand prisoners, forty 
pieces of artillery, and a large amount of stores, horses, 
mules, and other public property. 

After the fall of Fort Donelson, Sherman congratulated 
Grant warmly on his success, and Grant replied: 

•• I feel under many obligations to you for the kind 
terms of your letter, and hope that should an opportunity 
occur, you will earn.for yourself that promotion which you 
are kind enough to say belongs to me. I care nothing 
promotion bo long as our arms are successful, and no 
political appointments arc made." 

This was the beginning of a friendship destined th< 
after never to flag, to stand the test of apparent rivalry and 



108 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT 

public censure, to remain firm under trials such as few 
friendships were ever subjected to, to become warmer as 
often as it was sought to be interrupted, and in hours of 
extraordinary anxiety and responsibility and care, to afford 
a solace and a support that were never lacking when the 
need arose. 



The Race— Parallel Generals— On a Four-Year Race Grant 

Comes In Ahead. 

The following table exhibits the relative position of Gen- 
eral Grant on May 17, 1861, with the others of the same 
rank, appointed on the same day, and how each of these 
generals was employed towards the close of the war. It 
will be noted that U. S. Grant stood No. 17 — just halfway- 
down the list — at the time he received his brigadier-gen- 
eral's commission. Before the war closed, General Grant 
was commanding as much territory and as many troops aa 
all the other thirty-three generals combined: 

GENERALS. JANUARY 1, 1864. 

Samuel P. Heintzelman Not iu active field service. 

Erasmus D. Keyes do. do. 

Andrew Porter , do. do. 

Fitz John Porter.. Cashiered. 

Win. B. Franklin Commanding 19th Army Corps. 

Wm.T. Sherman Commanding a Department under 

General Grant. 

Charles P. Stone Chief of Staff to General Banks. 

Don Carlos Buell Not in active field service. 

Thomas W. Sherman Temporarily invalided. 

James Oakes Not in service. 

John Pope Commanding Department of the. 

Northwest. 

George A. McCall Resigned. 

William R. Montgomery Not in active field service. 

Philip Kearney Dead . 



IX THE REBELLION. 10D 

GENERALS. JANUARY 1, 1S04. 

Joseph Hooker Commanding Grand Division under 

I General Grant. 

John W. Phelps Resigned. 

Ulyssks S. Grant . 

Joseph J. Reynolds Commanding troops at New Or- 
leans. 

Samuel R. Curtis Not in active field service. 

Charles 8. Hamilton do. do. 

Darius N. Couch .Commanding Department of the 

Susquehanna. 

Rufus King Foreign Minister. 

J. D. Cox Commanding Corps under General 

Grant. 

Stephen A. Hurlbut Commanding Corps under Genera) 

Grant. 

Franz Sigel Not in active field service. 

Robert C. Schenck In Congress. 

B. M. Prentiss Resigned. 

Frederick W. Lander Dead. 

Benj. F. Kelly Commanding Department of West- 
ern Virginia. 

John A. McClernand Not in active field service. 

A. S.Williams Commanding a Division. 

I. B. Richardson .Dead. 

William Sprague Declined. 

J ames Cooper Dead. 



General Grant's Words to the " Grand Army." 

After General Grant's in vestment with almost unlimited 
authority, he utters the following words to the men in the 
Held: 

" The major-general commanding this department desires 

:>> impivss upon all officer- the importance <>t' preserving 
good order and discipline among these troops and the 
armies of the 'vVe.-t. during their advance into Tennessee 
m.'i tin- Southern States 



110 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

" Let us show to our fellow-citizens of these states, that 
we come merely to crush out this rebellion, and to restore 
to them peace and the benefits of the Constitution and the 
Union, of which they have been deprived by selfish and 
unprincipled leaders. They have been told that we come 
to oppress and plunder. By our acts we will undeceive 
them. "We will prove to them that we come to restore, not 
to violate, the Constitution and the laws. In restoring to 
them the glorious flag of the Union, we will assure them 
that they shall enjoy, under its folds, the same protection 
of life and property as in former days. 

" Soldiers ! Let no excesses on your part tarnish the glory 
of our arms ! The orders heretofore issued from this depart - 
ment in regard to pillaging, marauding, and the destruc- 
tion of private property, and the stealing and concealment 
of slaves, must be strictly enforced. It does not belong to 
the military to decide upon the relation of master and 
slave. Such questions must be settled by the civil courts. 

" ISTo fugitive slave will, therefore, be admitted within 
our lines or camps, except when especially ordered by the 
general commanding. Women and children, merchants, 
farmers, and all persons not in arms, are to be regarded 
as non-combatants, and are not to be molested, either in 
their persons or property. If, however, they assist and aid 
the enemy, they become belligerents, and will be treated 
as such. As they violate the laws of war, they will be 
made to suffer the penalties of such violation. 

" Military stores and public property of the enemy must 
be surrendered; and any attempt to conceal such property 
by fraudulent transfer or'otherwise will be punished. But 
no private property will be touched, unless by order of the 
general commanding. 

" Whenever it becomes necessary, forced contributions for 
supplies and subsistence for our troops will be made. Such 



IN THE REBELLION. 1 1 1 

levies will be made as light as possible, and be su distribu- 
ted as to produce no distress among- the people. All prop- 
erty so taken must be receipted fully and accepted for as 
heretofore directed." 



The Shiloh Victory, as Described by an Eye-witness. 

An eye-witness of this terrific battle, who wrote the first 
account which appeared in print, describes the thrilling 
scene, dated April 9, as follows: 

One of the greatest and bloodiest battles of modern 
days has just closed, resulting in the complete rout of the 
enemy, who attacked us at daybreak Sunday morning. 

The battle lasted, without intermission, during the entire 
day, and was again renewed on Monday morning, and con- 
tinued undecided until four o'clock in the afternoon, when 
the enemy commenced their retreat, and are still flvinsr 
towards Corinth, pursued by a large force of our cavalry. 

The slaughter on both sides is immense. "We have lost, 
in killed, wounded, and missing, from eighteen to twenty 
thousand; that of the enemy is estimated at from thirty- 
five to forty thousand. 

It is impossible, in the present confused state of affairs, 
to ascertain any of the details; I, therefore, give you the 
best account possible from observation, having passed 
through the storm of action during the two days that it 
raged. 

The fight was brought on by a body of three hundred of 
the Twenty-fifth Missouri Regiment, of General Prentiss' 
Division, attacking the advance guard of the rebels, which 
were supposed to be the pickets of the enemy in front of 
our camps. 

The rebels immediately advanced on General Prentiss' 



112 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

Division on the left wing, pouring volley after volley of 
musketry, and riddling our camps with grape, canister, 
and shell. Our forces soon formed into line and returned 
their fire vigorously. By the time we were prepared to 
receive them, the rebels had turned their heaviest fire on 
the left center, Sherman's Division, and drove our men 
back from their camps; then, bringing up a fresh force, 
opened fire on our left wing, under General McClernand. 
This fire was returned with terrible effect and determined 
spirit by both infantry and artillery, along the whole line, 
for a distance of over four miles. 

General Hurlbut's division was thrown forward to sup- 
port the center, when a desperate conflict ensued. The 
rebels were driven back with terrible slaughter, but soon 
rallied and drove back our men in turn. From about nine 
o'clock, the time your correspondent arrived on the field, 
until night closed on the bloody scene, there was no deter- 
mination of the result of the struggle. 

The rebels exhibited remarkably good generalship. At 
times engaging the left, with apparently their whole 
strength, they would suddenly open a terrible and destruct- 
ive fire on the right or centre. Even our heaviest and 
most destructive fire upon the enemy did not appear to dis- 
courage their solid columns. The :ire of Major Taylor's 
Chicago Artillery raked them down in scores, but the 
smoke would no sooner be dispersed than the breach would 
again be filled. 

The most desperate fighting took place late in the after- 
noon. The rebels knew that, if they did not succeed in 
whipping us then, their chances for success would be ex- 
tremely doubtful, as a portion of Gen. Buell's forces had by 
this time arrived on the opposite side of the river, and 
another portion was coming up the river from Savannah. 
They became aware that we were being re-enforced, as they 



TN THE REBELLION. 113 

could see General Buell'a troops from the river bank, a 

short distance above us on the left, to which point they 
had forced their way. 

At five o'clock the rebels had forced our left wing back 
so as to occupy fully two thirds of our camp, and were 
fighting their way forward with a desperate degree of con- 
fidence in their efforts to drive us into the river, and at 
the same time heavily engaged our right. 

Op to this time we had received no re-enforcements. 
General Lewis "Wallace failing to come to our snpport until 
the day was over. "Being without other transports than 
those used for quartermaster's and commissary stores, 
which were too heavily laden to ferry any considerable 
number of General Buell's forces across the river, and the 
boats that were here having been sent to bring up the 
troops from Savannah, we could not even get those men to 
us who were so near, and anxiously waiting to take part in 
the struggle. We were, therefore, contesting against fear- 
ful odds, our force not exceeding thirty-eight thousand men. 
while that of the enemy was upwards of sixty thousand. 

Our condition at this moment was extremely critical. 
Large numbers of men panic struck, others w T orn out by 
hard fighting, with the average percentage of skulkers, had 
straggled towards the river, and could not be rallied. 

• o'lirral Grant and staff, who had been recklessly riding 
along the lines during tlie entire day, amid t lie unceasing 
storm of bullets, grape, and shell, now rode from right to 
Left, inciting the men to stand firm until our re-enforce- 
ments could ero.-s the river. 

Colonel "Webster, Chief of Staff, immediately got into 
position the heaviest piece- of artillery, pointing on the 
enemy's right, while a large number of the batteries were 
planted along the entire line, from the river bank north- 
west to our extreme right, some two and a half miles dis- 
8 



114 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

tant. About an hour before dusk a general cannonading- 
was opened upon the enemy, from along our whole line, 
with a perpetual crack of musketry. Such a roar of artil- 
lery was never heard on this continent. For a short time 
the rebels replied with vigor and effect, but their return 
shots grew less frequent and destructive, while ours grew 
more rapid and more terrible. 

The gunboats Lexington and Tyler, which lay a short 
distance off, kept raining shell on the rebel hordes. This 
last effort was too much for the enemy, and ere dusk had 
set in the firing had nearly ceased, when, night coming on, 
all the combatants rested from their awful work of blood 
and carnage. 

Our men rested on their arms in the position they had 
at the close of the night, until the forces under Major-Gen- 
eral Lewis Wallace arrived and took position on the right, 
and General Buell's forces from the opposite side and 
■Savannah, were being conveyed to the battle-ground. The 
entire right of General Kelson's division was ordered to 
form on the right, and the forces under General Crittenden 
were ordered to his support early in the morning. 

General Buell, having himself arrived on Sunday even- 
ing, on the morning of Monday, April 7, the ball was 
opened at daylight, simultaneously by General Kelson's di- 
vision on the left, and Major-General Wallace's division on 
the right. General Nelson's force opened up a most gall- 
ing fire on the rebels, and advanced rapidly as they fell 
back. The fire soon became general along the whole line,, 
and began to tell with terrible effect on the enemy. Gen- 
erals McClernand, Sherman, and Hurlbutfs men, though 
terribly jaded from the previous day's fighting, still main- 
tained their honors won at Donelson; but the resistance of 
the rebels at all points of the attack was terrible, and worthy 
of a better cause. 



IN THE REBELLION. H5 

But they were not enough for our undaunted bravery 
and the dreadful desolation produced by our artillery, which 
was swooping them awav like chaff before the wind. J'.ut 
knowing that a defeat here would he the death-blow to their 
hopes, and that their all depended on this great struggle, 
their generals still urged them on in the lace of destruction, 
hoping by thinking us on the right to turn the tide of bat- 
tle. Their success was again for a time cheertngj 'hey 
began to gain ground on us. appearing to have been re-en- 
forced; but our left, under General Nelson, was driving 
them, and with wonderful rapidity, and by eleven o'clock 
General Buell's forces had succeeded in flanking them and 
capturing their batteries of artillery. 

They, however, again rallied on the left, and recrossed, 
and the right forced themselves forward in another des- 
perate effort. But re-enforcements from General Wood 
and General Thomas were coming in, regiment after regi- 
ment, which were sent to General Buell, who had again 
commenced to drive the enemv. 

About three o'clock in the afternoon. General Grant rode 
to the left where the fresh regiments had been ordered, 
and, finding the rebels wavering, sent a portion of his body 
guard to the head of each of five regiments, and then 
ordered a charge across the field, himself leading; and as 
he brandished hie Bword and waved them on to the crown- 
ing victory, the cannon balls were falling like hail around 
him. 

The men followed with a shout that sounded above the 
roar and din of the artillery, and the rebels fled in dismay 
as from a destroying avalanche, and never made another 
stand. 

( ieneral Buell followed the retreating rebels, driving them 
in splendid style, and by half-past five o'clock the whole 
rebel army was in full retreat to Corinth, with uur cavalry 



116 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GEANT. 

in hot pursuit, with what further result is not known, not 
having returned up to this hour. 

"We have taken a large amount of their artillery and also 
a number of prisoners. We lost a number of our forces 
prisoners yesterday, among whom is General Prentiss. The 
number of our force taken has not yet been ascertained. It 
is reported at several hundred. General Prentiss was also 
reported as being wounded. Among the killed on the 
rebel side, was their General-in-Chief, Albert Sydney 
Johnston, who was struck by a cannon ball on the after- 
noon of Sunday. Of this there is no doubt, and it is fur- 
ther reported that General Beauregard was wounded. 

This afternoon, Generals Bragg, Breckinridge and Jack- 
son were commanding portions of the rebel forces. 

There has never been a parallel to the gallantry and bear- 
ing of our officers, from the commanding general to the 
lowest officer. 

General Grant and staff were in the field, riding along 
the lines in the thickest of the enemy's fire during the en- 
tire two days of the battle, and all slept on the ground Sun- 
day night, during a heavy rain. On several occasions 
General Grant got within range of the enemy's guns and 
was discovered and fired upon. 

Lieutenant-Colonel McPherson had his horse shot from 
under him when alongside of General Grant. 

Captain Carson was between General Grant and your 
correspondent when a cannon ball took off his head and 
killed and wounded several others. 

General Sherman had two horses killed under him, and 
General McClernand shared like dangers; also General 
Hurlbut, each of whom received bullet holes through their 
clothes. 

The following compliment from Washington was sent at 
the close of the battle : 



IN TUE REBELLION. 117 

"The thanks of the Department arc herein- given to 
Major-Generals Grant and IJuell and their forces, for the 
glorious reoulse of Beauregard at Pittsburg, in Tennessee." 



The Siege of Corinth — An Eloquent Description by a Participant. 

A graphic description of what constitutes a battle and 
of what occurred at Corinth is given by one who partici- 
pated, as follows: 

" First, the enemy must be driven back. Regiments and 
artillery are placed in position, and generally the cavalry is 
in advance, but when the opposing forces are in close prox- 
imity the infantry does the work. The whole front is cov- 
ered by a cloud of skirmishers, and then reserves are formed, 
and then, in connection with the main line, they advance. 
For a moment all is still as the grave to those in the back- 
ground; as the line moves on, the eye is strained in vain 
to follow the skirmishers as they creep silently forward; 
then, from some point of line, a single rifle rings through 
the forest, -harp and clear, and, as if in echo, another 
answers it. In a moment more the whole line resounds 
with the din of arms. Here the fire is slow and steady, 
there it rattles with fearful rapidity, and this mingled with 
the great roar of the reserves as the skirmishers chance at 
any point to be driven in; and if, by reason of superior 
force, these reserves fall back to the mam force, then every 
nook and corner seems full of sound. The batteries open 
their terrible voices, and their shells sing horribly while 
winging their flight, and their dull explosion spe;ik> plainly 
of death; their canister and grape go crashing through the 
tiles, rifles ring, the muskets roar, and the din is terrific. 
Then the Blackening of the fire denotes the withdrawing of 
the one party, and the more distant picket-firing, that the 
work was accomplished. The silence becomes almost pain- 



118 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

ful after such a scene as this, and no one can conceive of 
the effect who has not experienced it; it can not be des- 
cribed. The occasional firing of pickets, which shows that 
the new lines are established, actually occasions a sense of 
relief. The movements of the mind, under such circum- 
stances, are sudden and strong. It awaits with intense 
anxiety the opening of the contest, it rises with the din of 
battle, it sinks with the lull which follows it, and finds 
itself in fit condition to sympathize most deeply with the 
torn and bleeding ones which are fast being borne to the 
rear. 

" When the ground is clear, then the time for working 
parties has arrived, and, as this is the description of a real 
scene, let me premise that the works were to reach through 
the center of a large open farm of at least three hundred 
acres, surrounded by woods, one side of it being occupied 
by rebel pickets. These had been driven back as I have 
described. 

" The line of the works was selected, and at the word 
of command three thousand men, with axes, spades, and 
picks, stepped out into the open field from their cover in 
the woods; in almost as short a time as it takes to tell it, 
the fence-rails which surrounded and divided three hun- 
dred acres into convenient farm lots were on the shoulders 
of the men, and on the way to the intended line of works. 
In a few moments more a long line of crib- work stretches 
over the slope of the hill, as if another anaconda fold had 
been twisted around the rebels. Then, as for a time, the 
ditches deepen, the cribs fill up, the dirt is packed on the 
other side, the bushes and all points of concealment are 
cleared from the front, and the center divisions of our 
army had taken a long stride towards the rebel works. 
The siege-guns are brought up and placed in commanding 
positions. A log house furnishes the hewn and seasoned 



/.V THE REBELLh 119 

timber for the platforms, and the plantation of a Southern 
lord has been thus speedily transferred into one oi" Uncle 
Sam's strongholds, where the stars and stripes float prondly. 

Thus ha<l the whole army um<ler the immediate chargt of 

eral Grant, the commander in the field) worked il 
np into tlic very teeth of the rebel works, and rested there 
on Thursday night, the twenty-eighth, expecting a general 
engagement at any moment. 

•• Soon after daylight, on Friday morning, the army was 
Btartled by rapid and long-continued explosions, similar to 
mnsketry, hut much louder. The conviction flashed across 
my mind that the rebels were blowing up their loose am- 
munition and leaving. The dense smoke arising in the 
direction of Corinth strengthened this belief, and soon the 
whole army was advancingon a grand reconnoissance. The 
distance through the woods was short, and in a few minutes 
shouts arose from the rebel lines, which told that our army 
was in the enemy's trenches. Regiment after regiment 
wvssed on, and, passing through extensive camps just 
vacated, soon reached Corinth and found half of it in 
flames. Beanregard and Bragg had left the afternoon be- 
fore, and the rear guard had passed out of the town before 
daylight, leaving enough stragglers to commit many acts 
of vandalism, at the expense of private property. They 
burned churches and other public buildings, private goods, 
stores and other dwellings, and choked up half the wells 
in town. In the camps immediately around the town 
there were few evidences of hasty retreat, but on the right 
Hank, where Price and Van Dorn were encamped, the dea 
traction of b . . _•■ and stores wae yer . showing 

precipitate flight. Portions of our army wen- immediat 
put in pursuit. 

••It Beems that it was the slow and careful approach of 
General Balleck which caused the retreat. They would 



120 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT 

doubtless have remained had we attacked their positions 
without first securing our rear, but they could not stand a 
siege. Their position was a most commanding one and 
well protected." 



A Confederate's Graphic Story of the Battle of Iuka. 

A confederate soldier who took part in the struggle at 
Iuka, gives the following description in a private letter to 
a friend: 

" We held peaceable possession of Iuka for one day, and 
on the next were alarmed by the booming of cannon, and 
were called out to spend the evening in battle array in the 
woods. On the evening of the 19th, when we supposed we 
were going back to camp, to rest awhile, the sharp crack of 
musketry on the right of our former lines, told us that the 
enemy was much nearer than we imagined. In fact, they 
almost penetrated the town itself. How on earth, with the 
woods full of our cavalry, they could have approached so- 
near our lines, is a mystery. They had planted a battery 
sufficiently near to shell General Price's head-quarters, and 
were cracking away at the Third Brigade when the Fourth 
came up at double-quick, and then, for two hours and fif- 
teen minutes, was kept up the most terrific fire of musketry 
that ever dinned my ears. There was one continuous roar 
of small arms, while grape and canister howled in fearful 
concert above our heads and through our ranks. General 
Little was shot dead early in the action. * 

It was a terrible struggle, and we lost heavily. All night 
could be heard the groans of the wounded and dying, form- 
ing a sequel of horror and agony to the deadly struggle, 
over which night had kindly thrown its mantle. Saddest 
of all, our dead were left unburied, and many of the 



IN THE REBELLION. 121 

wounded on the battle-field to be taken in charge by the 

enemy. 

•• Finding that the enemy were being re-enforced from 
the north, and as our strength would not justify us in try- 
ing another battle, a retreat was ordered, and we lefl the 
town during the night. The enemy pressed our rear the 
next daw and were only kept off by grape and canister. 

" It grieves me to state that acts of vandalism, disgrace- 
ful to any army, were, however, perpetrated along the line 
of retreat, and makes me blush to own such men as my 
countrymen. Corn-fields were laid waste, potato patches 
robbed, barn-yards and smoke-houses despoiled, hogs killed, 
and all kinds of outrages perpetrated in broad daylight and 
in full view of the officers. The advance and retreat were 
alike disgraceful, and I have no doubt that women and 
children along the route will cry for the bread which has 
been rudely taken from them by those who should have 
protected and defended them." 



General Grant's Address. 

After the victorv, of what General Grant calls the 
" Memorable Field of Iuka," he addressed— with his pen 
— his fellow soldiers in the following eloquent words: 

" The general commanding takes great pleasure in con- 
gratulating two wing> of the army, commanded respect- 
ively by Major-General Ord and Major-General Rosecrans, 
upon tiie energy, alacrity, and bravery displayed by them 
on the 19th and 20th inst., in their movement against the 
enemy at Iuka. Although the enemy was in numbers 
reputed far greater than their own, nothing was evil 
by the troop- but a burning desire to meet him, whatever 
his number.-, and however Btronghis position. 



122 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

" With such a disposition as was manifested by the troops 
on this occasion, their commanders need never fear defeat 
against anything but overwhelming numbers. 

" "While it was the fortune of the command of General 
Rosecrans, on the evening of the 19th inst., to engage the 
enemy in a most spirited fight for more than two hours, 
driving him, with great loss, from his position, and win- 
ning for themselves fresh laurels, the command of General 
Ord is entitled to equal credit for their efforts in trying to 
reach the enemy, and in diverting his attention. 

" And while congratulating the noble living, it is meet 
to offer our condolence to the friends of the heroic dead, 
who offered their lives a sacrifice in defense of constitu- 
tional liberty, and in their fall rendered memorable the 
field of Iuka." 



Explosion of the Great Vicksburg Mine and Capture of That 

City. 

As might be supposed, the explosion was designated as 
the signal for a general simultaneous co-operation all along 
the lines from right to left. 

Every thing was finished. The vitalizing spark had 
quickened the hitherto passive agent, and the now harmless 
flashes went hurrying to the center. The troops had been 
withdrawn. The forlorn hope stood out in plain view, 
boldly awaiting the uncertainties of the precarious office. 
A chilling sensation ran through the frame as an observer 
looked down upon this devoted band about to hurl itself 
into the breach — perchance into the jaws of death. 

Thousands of men in arms flashed on every hill. Every 
one was speechless. Even men of tried valor — veterans 
insensible to the shouts of contending battalions, or nerved 



124 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

to the shrieks of comrades suffering under the torture of 
painful agonies — stood motionless as they directed their 
eyes upon the spot where soon the terror of a buried agency 
would discover itself in wild concussions and contortions, 
carrying annihilation to all within the scope of its tremen- 
dous power. 

It was the seeming torpor which precedes the antago- 
nism of powerful bodies. Five minutes had elapsed. It 
seemed like an existence. Five minutes more, and yet na 
signs of the expected exhibition. An indescribable sensa- 
tion of impatience, blended with a still active anticipation, 
ran through the assembled spectators. 

A small pall of smoke now discovered itself ; every one 
thought the crisis had come, and almost saw the terrific 
scene which the mind had depicted. But not yet. Every 
eye now centered upon the smoke, momentarily growing 
greater and greater. Thus another five minutes wore away,, 
and curiosity was not satisfied. Another few minutes, then 
the terrific earth-shaking explosion occurred. So terrible a 
spectacle is seldom witnessed. Dust, dirt, smoke, gabions, 
stockades, timber, gun-carriages, logs — in fact, every thing 
connected with the fort — rose hundreds of feet into the air, 
as if vomited forth from a volcano. Some who were close 
spectators even say that they saw the bodies of the poor 
wretches who a moment before had lined the ramparts of 
the work. 

One entire face of the fort was disembodied and scattered 
in particles all over the surrounding surface. The right 
and left faces were also much damaged; but fortunately 
enough of them remained to afford an excellent protection 
on our flanks. 

~No sooner had the explosion taken place than the two 
detachments acting as the forlorn hope ran into the fort 
and sap, as already mentioned. A brisk musketry fire at 



12/ THE REBELLION. 125 

once commenced between the two parties, with aboul equal 
effecl upon either side. No Booner had these detachments 
become well engaged than the rest of Leggett's Brigade 
joined them and entered into the struggle. 

The regiments relieving each other at intervals, the con- 
test now grew severe; both Bides, determined upon hold- 
ing their own, were doing their best. Volley after volley 
was tired, though with less carnage than would be supposed. 
The Forty-fifth Illinois charged immediately up to the 
crest of the parapet,, and here Buffered its heaviest, losing 
many officers in the assault. 

After a severe contest of half an hour, with varying re- 
sults, the flag of the Forty-fifth appeared upon the summit 
of the work. The position was gained. Cheer after cheer 
broke through the confusion and uproar of the contest, as- 
suring the troops everywhere along the line that the Forty- 
fifth was still itself. The colonel was now left alone in 
command of the regiment, and he was himself badly 
bruised by a flying splinter. The regiment had also suf- 
fered severely in the line, and the troops were worn out by- 
excessive heat and hard lighting. 

During the hottest of the action General Leggett was 
in the fort in the midst of his troops, sharing their dan- 
gers and partaking of their glory. While hen- a shell 
from one of the enemy's guns exploded in a timber lying 
on the parapet, distributing splinters in all directions, one 
of which -truck the general on the breast, knocking him 
over. Though somewhat bruised and stunned, he soon 

r vered himself, and taking a chair, sat in one of the 

trenches near the fort, where he could be seen by his ni'-n. 

The explosion of the mine was the signal for the open- 
ing of the artillery of the entire line. The left division 
of General McPherson's Seventeenth, or center. Corps 
opened first, and dischargee were repeated along the left 



126 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

through General Ord's Thirteenth Corps, and Herron's 
extreme " left division," until the sound struck the ear 
like the mutterings of distant thunder. 

General Sherman, on the right, also opened his artillery 
about the same time and occupied the enemy's attention 
along his front. Every shell struck the parapet, and, 
bounding over, exploded in the midst of the enemy's 
forces beyond. The scene at this time was one of the 
utmost sublimity. 

The roar of artillery, rattle of small arms, the cheers of 
the men, flashes of light, wreaths of pale blue smoke over 
different parts of the field, the bursting of shells, the fierce 
whistle of solid shot, the deep boom of the mortars, the 
broadsides of the ships of war, and, added to all this, the 
vigorous replies of the enemy, set up a din which beggars 
all description. The peculiar configuration of the field 
afforded an opportunity to witness almost every battery 
and every rifle-pit within seeing distance, and it is due to 
all the troops to say that every one did his duty. 

After the possession of the fort was no longer in doubt, 
the pioneer corps mounted the work with their shovels 
and set to throwing up earth vigorously in order to secure 
space for artillery. A most fortunate peculiarity in the 
explosion was the manner in which the earth was thrown 
out. The appearance of the place was that of a funnel, 
with heavy sides running up to the very crest of the para- 
pet, affording admirable protection not only for our troops 
and pioneers, but turned out a ready made fortification in 
the rough, which, with a slight application of the shovel 
and pick, was ready to receive the guns to be used at this 
point. 

From a lookout on the summit of an eminence near the 
rebel works the movements of the enemy could be plainly 
watched. An individual in thft tower, just prior to the 



f\ THE UF.Hi: 1. 1. TON. 127 

explosion of the mine, saw two rebel regiments marching 
out to the fort. Of ;i Budden — perhaps upon seeing the 
Bmoke <»!' the fuse — the troops turned about and ran to- 
ward the town in perfect panic. They were not seen 
again during the fight; but other regiments were brought 
up to supply their place. 



Vicksburg's Surrender — An Interesting Interview Between Gen- 
eral Grant and the Confederate General, 
Pemberton. 

The following account of the interview between Generals 
Grant and Pemberton, before V^cksburg, is given by one 
who had followed the army "luring the whole campaign: 

" At three o'clock precisely, one gun, the prearranged 
signal, was fired, and immediately replied to by the enemy. 
General Pemberton then made his appearance on the works 
in ^[cPherson's front, under a white flag, considerably on 
the left of what is known as Fort Hill. General Grant 
rode through our trenches until he came to an outlet, lead- 
ing to a small green space, which had not been trod by 
either army. Here he dismounted, and advanced to meet 
General Pemberton, with whom he shook hands, ami 
greeted familiarly. 

" \\ was beneath the outspreading branches of a gigantic- 
oak that the conference of the generals took place. Here 
presented the only space which had not been used lor some 
purpose or other by the contending armies. The ground 
was covered with a fresh, luxuriant verdure; here and there 
a shrub or clump of bushes could be seen standing out 
from the green growth on the surface, while several oaks 
filled up the scene, and gave it character. Some of the 
trees in their tops exhibited the effects of flying projectiles, 
by the loss of limbs or torn foliage, and in their trunks the 



128 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

indentations of smaller missiles plainly marked the occur- 
rences to which they had been silent witnesses. 

" "Hie party made up to take part in the conference was 
composed as follows: 

"United States officers: Major-General U. S. Grant, 
Major-General James B. McPherson, Brigadier-General A. 
J. Smith. Confederate officers: Lieutenant-General John 
C. Pemberton, Major-General Bowen, Colonel Montgom- 
ery, A. A. G. to General Pemberton. 

" "When Generals Grant and Pemberton met they shook 
hands, Colonel Montgomery introducing the party. A short 
silence ensued, at the expiration of which General Pember- 
ton remarked: 

" ' General Grant, I meet you in order to arrange terms 
for the capitulation of the City of Yicksburg and its gar- 
rison. What terms do you demand?' 

" ' Unconditional surrender,' rej)lied General Grant. 

" 'Unconditional surrender?' said Pemberton. 'Never, 
so long as I have a man left me! I will fight rather.' 

''■ 'Then', sir, you can continue the defense,' coolly said 
General Grant. ' My army has never been in a better con- 
dition for the prosecution of the siege.' 

" During the passing of these few preliminaries, General 
Pemberton was greatly agitated, quaking from head to 
foot, while General Grant experienced all his natural self- 
possession, and evinced not the least sign of embarrass- 
ment. 

" After a short conversation standing, by a kind of mutual 
tendency the two generals wandered off from the rest of 
the party and seated themselves on the grass, in a cluster 
of bushes, where alone they talked over the important 
events then pending. General Grant could be seen, even 
iit that distance, talking coolly, occasionally giving a few 
puffs at his favorite companion — his black cigar. General 



IN THE REBELLION. 1 - ' 

McPherson, General A. J. Smith, General Powen, and 
Colonel Montgomery, imitating the example of the com- 
manding generals, seated themselves al some distance off, 
while the respective staffs of the generals formed another 
and larger gronp in the rear. 

" Ai'ter a lengthy conversation the generals separated. 
General Pemberton did not come to any conclusion on the 
matter, hut stated his intention to submit the matter to a 
council of general officers of his command; and. in the 
event of their assent, the surrender of the city should be 
made in the morning. 

■• I'ntil morning was given him to consider, to determine 
upon the matter and send in his final reply. The generals 
now rode to their respective quarters. 

••The final reply of General Pemberton, as the world 
know-, came July 4 (1S63), and Vicksburg was sur- 
rendered." 



President Lincoln's Congratulations to General Grant, and Lincoln's 

Little Joke. 

When the news of this glorious victory at Vicksbnrg 
officially reached the President, he wrote an autograph 
letter to General Grant, as follows: 

•• .\h Deab Geneeal: — I do not remember that yon 
and [evermel personally. I write this now as a grateful 
acknowledgment for the almost inestimable service you 
have 'I'm- flf country. I wish to say a word furtner. 
When youfirst reached the vicinity of Vicksbnrg, I thought 
von Bhould do what yon finally did — march the troops 
across the neck, run the batteries with the transports, and 
thus go below; and T never had any faith, except a general 
hope that you knew better than I. that the Yazoo Pass ex- 
9 



130 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

pedition and the like could succeed. When you got below 
and took Port Gibson, Grand Gulf, and vicinity, I thought, 
you should go down the river and join General Banks; and 
when you turned northward east of the Big Black, I feared 
it was a mistake. I now wish to make a personal acknowl- 
edgment that you were right and I was wrong." 

Several gentlemen were near the President at the time 
he received the news of Grant's success, some of whom 
had been complaining of the rumors of his habit of using 
intoxicating drinks to excess. 

"So I understand Grant drinks whisky to excess?" inter- 
rogatively remarked the President. 

" Yes," was the reply. 

"What whisky does he drink?" inquired Mr. Lincoln. 

"What whisky?" doubtfully queried his hearers. 

"Yes. Is it Bourbon or Monongahela?" 

"Why do you ask, Mr. President?" 

"Because, if it makes him win victories like this at 
Vicksburg, I will send a demijohn of the same kind to 
every general in the army." 

His visitors saw the point, although at their own cost. 



General Grant's Private Letter to Sherman on the Lieutenant- 
Generalship. 

" Dear Sherman : — The Bill reviving the grade of lieut- 
enant-general in the army has become a law, and my name 
has been sent to the Senate for the place. I "now receive 
orders k to report to Washington immediately, in person, 
which indicates a confirmation, or a likelihood of confirm- 
ation. I start in the morning to comply with the order. 

"Whilst I have been eminently successful in this war, 
in at least gaining the confidence of the public, no one 



IN THE REBELLION. 131 

feels more than I, how much of this success is due to the 
energy, skill, and the harmonious putting forth of that en- 
ergy and skill, of those whom it has been my good fortune 
to have occupying subordinate positions under me. 

-There are many officers to whom these remarks are ap- 
plicable to a greater or less degree proportionate to their 
ability as soldiers; but what I want is to express my 
thanks to you and McPherson, as the men to whom, above 
all others, I feel indebted for whatever I have had of 
success. 

" Eow far your advice and assistance have been of help 
to me, you know. How far your execution of whatever 
has been given to you to do, entitles you to the reward I 
am receiving, you can not know as well as I. 

"I feel all the gratitude this letter would express, giving 
it the most flattering construction. 

" The word you I use in the plural, intending it for 
McPherson, also. I should write to him, and will some 
day, but starting in the morning, I do not know that I 
will find time just now." 



General Grant and President Lincoln in Washington. 

On the 8th of March General Grant arrived at Washing- 
ton, where he had never spent more than one day before. 
President Lincoln had never seen his face, and the Secretary 
of War had met him, for the first time, at Louisville, in the 
October preceding. 

At one o'clock, on the 9th of .March, Grant was formally 
received by the President, in the cabinet chamber. There 
were present all the members of his cabinet, Major-General 
Ilalleck. general-in-chief. two members of General Grant's 
staff, the President's secretary, a single member of Con- 



132 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

gress, and Grant's eldest son, who bad been with him at 
Jackson, and Yicksburg, and at Champion's Hill. 

After Grant had been presented to the members of the 
cabinet, Mr. Lincoln read the following words: " General 
Grant, the nation's appreciation of what you have done, 
and its reliance upon you for what remains to be done in 
the existing great struggle, are now presented, with this 
commission constituting you lieutenant-general in the 
Army of the United States. With this high honor, de- 
volves upon you, also, a corresponding responsibility. As 
the country herein trusts you, so, under God, it will sus- 
tain you. I scarcely need to add, that, with what I here 
speak for the nation, goes my own hearty personal concur- 
rence." 

Grant read, from a paper, this reply: " Mr. President, 
I accept the commission, with gratitude, for the high honor 
conferred. With the aid of the noble armies that have 
fought in so many fields, for our common country, it will 
be my earnest endeavor not to disappoint your expecta- 
tions. I feel the full weight of the responsibilities now 
devolving on me; and I know that if they are met, it will 
be due to those armies, and above all, to the favor of that 
Providence which leads both nations and men." 



General Lee's Surrender to General Grant — The Decisive Letters 

Which Ended the Rebellion — Grant's Own Account 

of His Meeting Lee. 

" Feeling," says General Grant, " that Lee's chance of 
escape was utterly hopeless, I addressed him the following 
communication from Farmville:" 

April 7, 1865. 
General: — The result of the last week must convince you of the 
hopelessness of further resistance, on the part of the Army of Northern 



IN THE REBELLK>\ 133 

Virginia, in this struggle. I feel thai it is so, and regard it as my duty 
to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of Mood 
by asking of you the surrender of thai portion of the Confederate States 
army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. 

U. S. Grant, Lieutcnant-Qeneral. 

Early on Saturday morning, before leaving Farmville, 
Grant received the following reply: 

April 7, 1865. 
General :— I have received your note of this date. Though not enter- 
taining the opinion you express on the hopelessness of further resistance 
on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire 
to avoid useless effusion of blood, and, therefore, before considering your 
proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. 

R. E. Lee, General. 

In answer to this communication, Grant wrote General 
Lee as follows: 

Apktl 8, 1865. 
General:— Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of same date, 
asking the condition on which I will accept the surrender of the Army 
of Northern Virginia, is just received. In reply, I would say, that peace 
being my great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon; 
namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for 
taking up arms again against the Government of the United States, until 
properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet 
any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable 
to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the 
>uirender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. 

U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. 

After the reception of this letter, General Lee's prospects 
had improved, when he indicted the following epistle: 

April 8, 1865. 
General:— I received at a late hour your note of to-day. In mine of 
yesterday 1 did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of 
Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be 
frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender 
of this army; but. as the restoration of peace should be the sole object 



134 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

of all, I desired to know whether your proposals would lead to that end. 
I can not, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of 
Northern Virginia ; but, as far as your proposal may affect the Confed- 
erate States forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of 
peace, I should he pleased to meet you at ten A. M., to-morrow, on the 
old stage-road to Richmond, between the picket lines of the two armies. 

R. E. Lee, General. 

To this General Grant replied: 

4 April 9, 1865. 

General : — Your note of yesterday is received. I have no authority 
to treat on the subject of peace. The meeting proposed for ten A. M., 
to-day, could lead to no good. I will state, however, General, that I am 
equally anxious for peace with yourself; and the whole North entertains 
the same feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well un- 
derstood. By the South laying down their arms, they will hasten that 
most desirable event, save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of 
millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all our 
difficulties may be settled without the loss of another life, I subscribe 
myself, etc. 

U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. 

After transmitting this letter, General Grant immedi- 
ately started to join Sheridan's column south of Appomat- 
tox Court house; for he had received a dispatch from that 
officer inciting him to press on with all speed, that there was 
now no means of escape, for the enemy had finally reached 
the " last ditch." "While spurring on to assume direction 
of affairs in front of Lee, Grant received this letter from 
the Confederate commander, which had been delivered to 
Custer by the flag of truce : 

April 9, 1865. 
General: — I received your note of this morning on the picket line, 
whither I had come to meet you, and ascertain definitely what terms 
were embraced in your proposal of yesterday with reference to the sur- 
render of this army. I now ask an interview, in accordance with the 
offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose. 

R. E. Lee, General. 



IX Till-: UK HELLION. 135 

Grant forthwith penned on his saddle, upon a leaf torn 
from his tablets, the following reply: 

At-ril 9, 1865. 
Gen. R. E. Lee, Commanding C. S. A. : 

Your note of this date is but this moment, 11 : 59 A. M., received. In 

consequence of my having passed from the Richmond and Lynchburg 

Road to the Farmville and Lynchburg Road, I am, at this writing, 

about four miles west of Walter's Church, and will push forward to the 

front for the purpose of meeting you. Notice sent to me on this road 

nrhere you wish the interview to take place will meet me. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

U. S. Gkast, Lieutenant-General. 

These notes produced the memorable interview between 
the two commanders at the dwelling of Mr. "Wilmer 
McLean, near Appomattox Court-house. 

In describing this meeting General Grant says: 

"I felt some embarrassment in the prospect of meeting 
General Lee. I had not seen him since he was General 
Scott's chief-of-staff in Mexico; and, in addition to the 
respect I entertained for him, the duty which I had to per- 
form was a disagreeable one, and I wished to get through 
it as soon as possible. 

" When I reached Appomattox Court-house, I had ridden 
that morning thirty-seven miles. I was in my campaign 
clothes, covered with dust and mud; I had no sword; I 
was not even well mounted, for I rode (turning to General 
Ingals, who was present) one of Ingals' horses. 

k> I found General Lee in a fresh suit of Confederate 
gray, with all the insignia of his rank, and at his side the 
splendid dress-sword which had been given to him by the 
State of Virginia. We shook hands. He was exceedingly 
courteous in his address, and we seated ourselves at a deal 
table in Mr. "McLean's front room. 

" We talked of two of the conditions of surrender, which 
had been left open by our previous correspondence, one of 



136 STORIES AND SKETCHES OB GEN. GRANT. 

which related to the ceremonies which were to be observed 
on the occasion ; and when I disclaimed any desire to have 
any parade, but said I should be contented with the deliv- 
ery of arms to my officers, and with the proper signature 
and authentication of paroles, he seemed to be greatly 
pleased. 

" When I yielded the other point, that the officers should 
retain their side arms and private baggage and horses, his 
emotions of satisfaction were plainly visible. We soon re- 
duced the terms to writing. 

" We parted with the same courtesies with which we had 
met. It seemed to me that General Lee evinced a feeling 
of satisfaction and relief when the business was finished. 
I immediately mounted Ingals' horse, returned to General 
Sheridan's headquarters, and did not again present myself 
to the Confederate Commander." 

The documents signed at Mr. McLean's house were as 
follows : 

Appomattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865. 
General :— In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of 
the 8th instant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of North- 
ern Virginia on the following terms, to wit: rolls of all the officers and 
men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be des- 
ignated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you 
may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take 
up arms against the Government of the United States until properly ex- 
changed, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole 
for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public prop- 
erty to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed 
by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side arms of the offi- 
cers nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and 
man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by the 
United States authority so long as they observe their paroles, and th« 
laws in force where they may reside. 

U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-GeneraL 



/.V THE REBELLION. 137 

Headquartkks Akmy ^v Northern Virginia, April 9, 1865. 
General:— I received your letter of this date, containing the terms of 
the surrender of the Array of Northern Virginia as proposed by you. 

Ab they arc substantially the .-aim- as tli<»r expressed in your letter of 
the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the 
proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect 

K. K. l.i i '■'• in nil. 

Thus was the act engrossed which disbanded and dis- 
armed the Army of Northern Virginia, relegated its vet- 
eran officers and soldiers to the ranks of peaceful citizens, 
and virtually closed the rebellion. 



Lieutenant-General Grant's Farewell Address to the Soldiers. 

The Union armies under command of Lieutenant-General 
Grant numbered 1,000,516 soldiers. Their commander 
might well be proud of the great services which with him 
they had performed for the country. The following are the 
great General's parting words: 

"Soldiers of the Armies op the United States: — By your pa 
triotic devotion to 'your country in the hour of danger and alarm, 
your magnificent fighting, bravery and endurance, you have main- 
tained the supremacy of the Union and the Constitution, overthrown 
all armed opposition to the enforcement of the laws and the proclama- 
tions forever abolishing slavery — the cause and pretext of the Rebel- 
lion—and opened the way to the rightful authorities to restore order, 
and inaugurate peace on a permanent and enduring basis on every foot 
of American soil. Your marches, sieges and battles, in distance, dura- 
tion, resolution and brilliancy of results, dim the lustre of the world's 
past military achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent in the 
defense of liberty and right in all time to come. In obedience to your 
country's call, you left your homes and families, and volunteered in 
her defense. Victory has crowned your valor and secured the purpose 
of your patriotic hearts; and with the gratitude of your countrymen, 
a.nd the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you will 



138 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GRANT. 

soon be permitted to return to your homes and families, conscious of 
having discharged the highest duty of American citizens. To achieve 
these glorious triumphs, and to secure to yourselves, fellow-country, 
men and posterity, the blessings of free institutions, tens of thousands 
of your gallant comrades have fallen, and sealed the priceless legacy 
with their blood. The graves of these a grateful nation bedews with 
tears, honors their memories, and will ever cherish and support their 
stricken families." 



General Lee's Generous Compliment to General Grant. 

" I wish," said General E. E. Lee to a Northern friend, 
on one occasion, " to do simple justice to General Grant 
when I say that his treatment of the Army of Northern 
Virginia is without a parallel in the history of the civilized 
world. "When my poor soldiers, with famished faces, had 
neither food nor raiment, General Grant immediately is- 
sued the humane order that 40,000 rations should be fur- 
nished to the impoverished troops. And that is not all. 
I was giving directions to one of my staff officers, when 
making out the list of things to be surrendered, to include 
the horses. At that moment, General Grant, who seemed 
to be paying no attention to what was transpiring, quickly 
said: 'No, no, General Lee, not a horse — not one — keep 
them all! Your people will need them for the Spring 
crops! ' " " It was a scene never to be forgotten," adds the 
gentleman to whom the remarks were addressed, " to watch 
Lee's manner, when, with a spirit of chivalry equal to his 
skill and gallantry, he told, with moistened eyes, this and 
many other instances of the magnanimity so nobly dis- 
played by his illustrious rival." Being subsequently asked 
who, in his opinion, was the greatest of the Federal com- 
manders, General Lee paid the following handsome tribute 
to General Grant : " Both as a gentleman and an organizer 



IN THE REBELLION 



139 



of victorious war, General Grant has excelled all your 
most noted soldiers. He has exhibited more true courage, 
more real greatness of mind, more consummate prudence 

from the outset, and more heroic bravery than any one OD 
your side." 



^ 




IfcTtrrl-T-rr- .TC^J^CTC 



AS PRESIDENT. 



An Inaugural Extract. 

In his address on the occasion of his inauguration for a- 
second term as President, General Grant said : 

It is my firm conviction that the civilized world is tending toward 
Republicanism, or government by the people through their chosen rep 
resentatives, and that our own Republic is destined to be the guiding 




Capitol at Washington. 

star. Under our Republic we support an army less than that of any 
European power of any standing, and a navy less than half that of at 
least five of them. * * * Now that the telegraph is made available 
for communicating thought, together with rapid transit by steam, all 
parts of the continent are made contiguous for all purposes of the gov- 
ernment, and communication between the extreme limits of the country 
made easier than it was throughout the old Thirteen States at the begin- 
ning of our national existence. 

140 



AS PRESIDENT. 141 

President Grant — Closing Scenes in the White House — His Opin- 
ion of His Own Administration. 

"The last time," Bays an intimate friend of the General, 
" thai I saw the greatest man it has ever been my privilege 
to know was a week or so after President Haves was in- 
augurated. (Jraut left the White House on the 5th of 
March. 1877. Haves was inaugurated at L2 o'clock that 
day. About - o'clock, the outgoing and the incoming 
Presidents, attended by the outgoing Cabinet and a com- 
mittee of Senators and Representatives, returned to the 
White House, when the man who had taken twice (on Sun- 
day, the 4th, and on Monday, the 5th,) the oath to support 
the Constitution of the United States, and to well and truly 
perform the offices of Chief Magistrate, as God gave him 
light, took the reins of government from another man who 
had held them eight years, and was glad to lay them down. 

''Mrs. Grant had provided an excellent lunch, and sat 
for the last time at the head of the Executive dining-room. 
At'ter the lunch was over, she and 'that quiet man,' her 
husband, rode over to the residence of Hamilton Fish, 
Secretary of State, whose guests they were to he. 

"Secretary Fish lived across the way from Fernando 
Wood and Blaine, at the corner of I and Fifteenth Streets, 
with his house fronting McPherson Square, one of those 
isant little irregular parks that make Washington so 
beautiful and purify the air we breathe. In it stands the 
statue of General McPherson, erected by the Bociety of the 
Army of the Tennessee, with benches around it, upon 
which the tired tramp may n-t. 

•• Strolling through this xjuare one bright, warm morning 
in March. I found General Grant sitting upon one ..i' the 
benches alone with the historic cigar in his mouth and a 
newspaper upon his la]). II>' -topped me, and asked me 
to sit awhile and enjoy the Bunshine with him. A cigar 



142 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

was offered and accepted, when the General chatted famil-^ 
iarly for half an hour. 

" He talked of the events of his administration. He 
said some things not to be repeated, but the general drift 
of his opinion was that the country would be satisfied with 
it when it could be looked back upon, and the mischief- 
makers and discontented were pestering some one else. 
He thought that history would be charitable when it crit- 
icised his faults, and he knew that worse things than he 
had been charged with had been forgotten in the lives of 
his predecessors. That which he regretted most was the 
Bristow conspiracy, and he predicted that before many 
years Bristow would be a forgotten man. He spoke of 
the intimacy, which was then at its height, between Presi- 
dent Hayes and the ' reformers ' on the one hand, and the 
•ex-Confederate leaders on the other, and prophesied that 
his successor, for whom he had great respect, would be led 
into serious trouble if he followed their advice. He had 
tried them all, he said, and they had given him stones for 
bread. They were selfish, impolitic, and unreasonable, and 
would be satisfied onlv so lono; as thev could control. He 
had found that the safest men to advise with were Hamlin, 
Chandler, Morton, and others of their sort. 

"While we were talking, a carriage drove up to the Fish 
mansion, and General Grant bade me ffood-by." 



Off for Europe — General Grant's Good-Bye to Old Friends. 

Previous to his departure for Europe General Grant spent 
several days in Philadelphia. The reception extended by 
the Quaker City was commensurate with its reputation for 
always doing the right thingin the best possible manner. 
General Grant was highly delighted, and at a farewell 
meeting said: 



AS PRESIDENT. 143 

I bad expected to make a speech to-day, and therefore can do nothing 
more than thank you, as I have had occasion to do so often within the 
past week. I have been only eight days in Philadelphia, and have been 
received with such unexpected kindness that it finds me with no words 
to thank you. What with driving in the park, and dinners afterward, 
and keeping it up until after midnight, and now to find myself still re- 
ceiving your kind hospitality, I am afraid you have not left me stomach 
enough to cross the Atlantic. 

This was followed by short and highly complimentary 
speeches from General Sherman, ex-Secretary Fish, ex- 
Secretary Chandler, ex-Secretary Robeson, ex-Senator Cam- 
eron, General Bailey, Governor Ilartranft, and others; and 
so affected General Grant that he replied: 

My Dear Friends: — I was not aware that we would have so much 
speech-making here, or that it would be necessary for me to say any 
more to you, but I feel that the compliments you have so showered upon 
me were not altogether deserved — that they should not all be paid to me, 
either as a soldier or as a? civil officer. As a general your praises do not 
all belong to me — as the executive of the nation they are not due to me. 
There is no man who can fill both or either of these positions without 
the help of good men. I selected my lieutenants when I was in both 
positions, and they were men, I believe, who could have filled my place 
often better than I did. I never flattered myself that I was entitled to 
the place you gave me. My lieutenants could have acted perhaps better 
than I, had the opportunity presented itself. Sherman could have taken 
my place, as a goldier or in a civil office, and so could Sheridan, and 
others I might name. I am sure if the country ever comes to this need 
again there will be men for the work. There will be men born for every 
emergency. Again I thank you, and again I bid you good-bye ; and 
once again I Bay that, if I had failed, Sherman or Sheridan, or some of 
my other lieutenants, would have succeeded. 

Soon after this the General was transferred to the " In- 
diaoft)" and was off for Europe. 



ABOUKD THE WORLD. 



On a Foreign Shore —General Grant's Arrival In Liverpool — 

The Welcome Words — His Address In 

Manchester. 

The " Indiana," with its celebrities, arrived in Liverpool 
May 28, making the trip in eleven days. 

And now begins a series of magnificent " receptions," 
" banquetings," etc., which have followed General Grant 
around the world. From Liverpool to Chicago, in great 
cities and by the wayside, on mountain summits and down 
in the lowest " levels " of the " Comstock," everywhere the 
great General has been most heartily welcomed. 

It is, perhaps, not too much to say, that no one in all 
history has received such personal homage, so spontaneous 
and genuine, as Ulysses S. Grant. It is true, in part, this 
has been representative and highly complimentary to our 
land and civilization, and yet, somehow, there attaches to 
Grant himself, in his quiet self poise, gentlemanly demeanor, 
due appreciation and heartfelt thankfulness, that we can 
not divorce the grand world-encircling chain of ovations 
from the man who has won a world-wide fame on the field 
of battle and in the honest discharge of duties in the hio;h- 
est office that a free jieople can anywhere bestow. 

On his arrival at Liverpool, General Grant was welcomed 
by the Mayor in the following earnest and eloquent words: 

" General Grant, I am proud that it has fallen to my lot 
as chief magistrate of Liverpool, to welcome to the shores 

144 




Basks or tue Nile 



146 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

of England so distinguished a citizen of the United States. 
You have, sir, stamped your name on the history of 
the world by your brilliant career as a soldier, and still 
more as a statesman, in the interests of peace. 

" In the name of Liverpool, whose interests are so closely 
allied with your great country, I bid you hearty welcome, 
and I hope Mrs. Grant and yourself will enjoy your visit 
to old England." 

General Grant left Liverpool May 30, for Manchester, 
where he was the guest of Mayor Heywood. At the Royal 
Exchange, in presence of a large assemblage of merchants, 
the General, in response to an address, said: 

Mr. Mayor, Members op the Council op Manchester, Ladies 
and Gentlemen : — It ia scarcely possible for me to give utterance to 
the feelings called forth by the receptions which have been accorded me 
since my arrival in England. In Liverpool, where I spent a couple of 
days, I witnessed continuously the same interest that has been exhibited 
in the streets and in the public buildings of your city. It would be 
impossible for any person to have so much attention paid to him with- 
out feeling it, and it is impossible foj; me to give expression to the 
sentiments which have been evoked by it. I had intended upon my 
arrival in Liverpool to have hastened through to London, and from that 
city to visit the various points of interest in your country, Manchester 
being one of the most important among them. I am, and have been for 
many years, fully aware of the great amount of manufactures of Man- 
chester, many of which find a market in my own country. I was very 
well aware, during the war, of the sentiments of the great mass of the 
people of Manchester toward the country to which I have the honor to 
belong, and also of the sentiments with regard to the struggle in which 
it fell to my lot to take a humble part. It was a great trial for us. For 
your expressions of sympathy at that time there exists a feeling of 
friendship toward Manchester distinct and separate from that which my 
countrymen also feel, and I trust always will feel, toward every part oJ 



AHOUND T11E WORLD. 147 

England. I therefore accept on the part of my country the compliments 
which have been paid to me as its representative, and thank you for 
them heartily. 



General Grant's Reception in Salford and Leicester. 

General Grant arrived in Salford May 31, and at a ban- 
quet spoke a- follows: 

" My reception since my arrival in England lias been to 
me very expressive, and one for which I have to return 
thanks on behalf of my country. 

u I can not help feeling that it is my country that is 
honored through me. 

" It is the affection which the people of this island have 
for their children on the other side of the Atlantic, which 
they express to me as an humble representative of their 

offspring." 

In Leicester, in response to an address of the mayor, 
magistrates, and others, General Grant said: 

" Allow me, in behalf of my country and myself, to 
return you thanks for the honor, and for your kind recep- 
tion, as well as for the other kind receptions which I have 
had since the time that I first landed on the soil of Great 
Britain. 

"As children of this great commonwealth, we feel that 
you must have some reason to be proud of our great ad- 
vancement since our separation from the mother country. 

• I can assure you of our heartfelt good will, and express 
u< you our thanks on behalf of the American people." 



148 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

General Grant's Speech in London and Private Letter to a Friend 
in America, Describing His Travels. 

General Grant arrived in London June 1, and after 
spending a time in visiting his daughter, Mrs. Sartoris, 
was, on the 15th of June, made an honorary citizen of 
London, and presented with the freedom of the city. This 
was made the occasion of a great reception, during which 
General Grant, in response to the address of the Chamber- 
lain, said: 

It is a matter of some regret to me that I have never cultivated that art 
of public speaking which might have enabled me to express in suitable 
terms my gratitude for the compliment which has been paid to my 
countrymen and myself on this occasion. "Were I in the habit of speak- 
ing in public, 1 should claim the right to express my opinion, and what 
I believe will be the opinion of my countrymen when the proceedings 
of this day shall have been telegraphed to them. For myself, I have 
been very much surprised at my reception at all places since the day I 
landed at Liverpool up to my appearance in this the greatest city of the 
world. It was entirely unexpected, and it is particularly gratifying to 
me. I believe that this honor is intended quite as much for the country 
which I have had the opportunity of serving in different capacities, as 
for myself, and I am glad that this is so, because I want to see the hap- 
piest relations existing, not only between the United States and Great 
Britain, but also between the United States and all other nations. 
Although a soldier by education and profession, I have never felt any 
sort of fondness for war, and I have never advocated it except as a 
means of peace. I hope that we shall always settle our differences in 
all future negotiations as amicably as we did in a recent instance. I 
believe that settlement has had a happy effect on both countries, and 
that from month to month, and year to year, the tie of common civiliza- 
tion and common blood is getting stronger between the two countries. 
My Lord Mayor, ladies and gentlemen, I again thank you for the honor 
you have done me and my country to-day. 



150 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

After this grand reception, on the following day General 
Grant wrote to his friend, George W. Childs, of Philadel- 
phia, as follows: 

"My Dear Mr. Childs: — After an unusually stormy passage for 
any season of the year, and continuous sea-sickness generally among 
the passengers after the second day out, we reached Liverpool Mon- 
day afternoon, the 28th of May. Jesse and I proved to be among the 
few good sailors. Neither of us felt a moment's uneasiness during 
the voyage. 

" I had proposed to leave Liverpool immediately on arrival, and 
proceed to London, where I knew our Minister had made arrange- 
ments for a formal reception, and had accepted for me a few invita- 
tions of courtesy; but what was my surprise to find nearly all the ship- 
ping in port at Liverpool decorated with flags of all nations, and from 
the mainmast of each the flag of the Union was most conspicuous. 

" The docks were lined with as many of the population as could find 
standing room, and the streets, to the hotel where it was understood my 
party would stop, were packed. The demonstration was, to all appear- 
ances, as hearty and as enthusiastic as at Philadelphia on our departure. 

"The Mayor was present, with his state carriage, to convey us to the 
hotel, and after that to his beautiful country residence, some six miles 
out, where we were entertained at dinner with a small party of gentle- 
men, and remained over night. The following day a large party was 
given at the official residence of the Mayor, in the city, at which there 
were some one hundred and fifty of the distinguished citizens and offi- 
cers of the corporation present. Pressing invitations were sent from 
most of the cities of the kingdom to have me visit them. I accepted 
for a day at Manchester, and stopped a few moments at Leicester, 
and at one other place. The same hearty welcome was shown at each 
place, as 3 r ou have no doubt seen. 

" The press of the country has been exceedingly kind and courteous. 
So far I have not been permitted to travel in a regular train, much less 
in a common car. The Midland road, which penetrates a great portion 
of the island, including Wales and Scotland, have, extended to me the 



AROUND THE WORLD. lol 

OOUTtesy of their road, and a Pullman car lo take me wherever I wish 
to go during the whole of my stay in England. We arrived in London 
on Monday evening, the 80th of May, when I found our Minister had 
accepted engagements for me up to the 27th of June, having hut a few 
Bpare days in the interval. 

"On Saturday last we dined with the Duke of Wellington, arid 
night the formal reception at Judge Pierrepont's was held. It was a 
great success, most brilliant in the numbers, rank, and attire of the au- 
dience, and was graced by the presence of every American in the city 
who had called on the minister or left a card for me. I doubt whether 
London has ever seen a private house so elaborately or tastefully deco- 
rated as was our American minister's last night. I am deeply indebted 
to him for the pains he has taken to make my stay pleasant, and the 
attentions extended to our country. I appreciate the fact, and am proud 
of it, that the attentions I am receiving are intended more for our coun- 
try than for me personally. I love to see our country honored and re- 
spected abroad, and I am proud to believe that it is by most all nations, 
and by some even loved. It has always been my desire to see all jeal- 
ousy between England and the United States abated, and every sore 
healed. Together they are more powerful for the spread of commerce 
and civilization than all others combined, and can do more to remove 
causes of wars by creating moral interests that would be so much endan- 
gered by war. 

" I have written very hastily, and a good deal at length, but I trust 
this will not bore you. Had I written for publication, I should have 
taken more pains. 

"U. S. Grast." 



152 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

General Grant's Celebrated Liverpool Speech. 

In his second visit to Liverpool, June 28, at a banquet,. 
General Grant made one of his longest and most happy 
speeches. It was as follows: 

Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen :— You have alluded to the hearty 
reception given to me on my first landing on the soil of Great Britain, 
and the expectations of the Mayor that this reception would be equaled 
throughout the island have been more than realized. It has been far 
beyond anything I could have expected. (Cheers.) I am a soldier, and 
the gentlemen here beside me know that a soldier must die. I have been 
a President, but we know that the term of the presidency expires, and 
when it has expired he is no more than a dead soldier. (Laughter and 
cheers.) But, gentlemen, I have met with a reception that would have 
done honor to any living person. (Cheers.) I feel, however, that the- 
compliment has been paid, not to me, but to my country. I can not 
help but at this moment being highly pleased at the good feeling and 
good sentiment which now exist between the two peoples who of all 
others should be good friends. "We are of one kindred, of one blood, of 
one language, and of one civilization, though in some respects we believe 
that we, being younger, surpass the mother country. (Laughter.) You 
have made improvements on the soil and the surface of the earth which 
we have not yet done, but which we do not believe will take us as long 
as it took you. (Laughter and applause.) I heard some military re- 
marks which impressed me a little at the time— I am not quite sure 
whether they were in favor of the volunteers or against tkem. I can 
only say from my own observation that you have as many troops at 
Aldershott as we have in the whole of our regular army, notwithstanding 
we have many thousands of miles of frontier to guard and hostile 
Indians to control. But if it became necessary to raise a volunteer force, 
I do not think we could do better than follow your example. General 
Fairchild and myself are examples of volunteers who came forward 
when their assistance was necessary, and I have no doubt that if you 
ever needed such services, you would have support from your reserve 
forces and volunteers far more effective than you can conceive. (Cheers.)' 



AROUND Till-: WOULD. 153 

Queen Victoria and General Grant at Dinner — A Very Happy 

Affair. 

The Queen of England paid a compliment to General 
Granl and the United Stat--; by extending him and his 
family an invitation to visit Windsor Castle. 

The invitation read as follows: 

•• • The Lonl Steward of Her Majesty's household is com- 
manded by the Queen to invite Mr. and Mrs. Grant to 
dinner at Windsor Castle, on Wednesday, the 27th inst., 
and to remain until the following day. the 28th of June, 
1877." Invitations were also extended to Mr. Pierrepont 
and Ins wife, J. R. Grant and General Badeau. On the 
20th of June the party left for Windsor by the afternoon 
train. 

At halt-past eight, the Queen, surrounded by her court^ 
received General Grant in the magnificent corridor leading 
to her private apartments in the Quadrangle. The Quad- 
rangle is formed by the state apartments on the north, the 
historical Round Tower on the west, and the private apart- 
ments of the Queen and the royal household on the south 
and east. 

This corridor is 520 feet long, and extends round the 
south and east sides of the Quadrangle. The ceiling, 
which is lofty, is divided into large squares, the centers of 
which bear a number of ornamental devices, typical of 
ancient, modern and ecclesiastical history. The dinner 
was served in the Oak Room. Among those present were 
Prince Leopold. Prince Christian. Prince-- Beatrice, Lord 
and Lady Derby, the Duchess of Wellington, General 
Badeau, and others. 

The ladies were dressed in black with white trimming 
owing to the recent decease of the Queen of Holland. 
During the dinner a dispatch was received from Governor 
Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, as follows: 



154 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

To General U. S. Grant, care of H. M. the Queen:— Your com- 
rades, in national encampment assembled, in Rhode Island, send heartiest 
greetings to their old commander, and desire, through England's Queen, 
to thank England for Grant's reception. 

To this the General responded: 

Grateful for telegram. Conveyed message to the Queen. Thank my 
old comrades. 

The dispatch came just as the party were assembling for 
dinner, and was given by the General to Her Majesty, who 
expressed much pleasure at the kind greeting from Amer- 
ica. During the dinner the band of the Grenadier Guards 

CD 

played in the Quadrangle. 

After dinner the Queen entered into conversation with 
the party, and about ten took her leave, followed by her 
suite. The evening was given to conversation and whist, 
with members of the royal household, and at half-past 
eleven they retired. 

The next morning the General and party took their leave 
of "Windsor and returned to London. 



Address of General Grant to the Workingmen. 

On the 3d of July, at the house of General Badeau, 
General Grant received a deputation of the leading repre- 
sentatives of the workingmen of London and the provinces, 
representing the engineers, iron-founders, miners, and 
other classes of industry. An address, handsomely en- 
grossed on vellum, was read by Mr. Guile, of the Iron 
Founders' Society. General Grant replied as follows: 

" In the name of my country, I thank you for the address you have 
presented to me. I feel it a great compliment paid my government, and 
one to me personally. Since my arrival on British soil I have received 



ABOUND Tin: would 155 

great attentions, which wore intended, I feel sure, in the same way, for 
my country. I have had .nations, free handshakings, presentations 
from different classes, from the government, from the controlling author 
ities of cities, and have been received in the cities by the populace, but 
there has been no leception which I am prouder of than this to-day. I 
recognize the fact that whatever there is of greatness in the United 
States, as indeed in any other country, is due to labor. The laborer is 
the author of all greatness and wealth. Without labor there would be 
no government, or no leading class, or nothing to preserve. With us, 
labor is regarded as highly respectable. When it is not so regarded, it 
is because man dishonors labor. We recoguize that labor dishonors no 
man; and, no matter what a man's occupation is, he is eligible to fill 
any post in the gift of the people ; his occupation is not considered in 
selecting, whether as a law-maker or as an executor of the law. Now, 
gentlemen, in conclusion, all I can do is to renew my thanks for the 
address, and repeat what I have said before, that I have received 
nothing from any class since my arrival which has given me more 
pleasure." 

After the speech there was an informal exchange of cour- 
tesies, and the deputation then withdrew. 



Gen oral Grant in Paris. 

The month of October finds General Grant in Pari-. 
where he greatly enjoyed the magnificence of that famous 
city. Xotre Dame was an object of special interest, which 
after St. Peter's at Rome is the grandest church edifice in 
the world. 

Siorlit-seeinar was, however, interrupted from time to 
time by the numerous attentions and civilities showered 
on General Grant. On the 29th of October, General 
Xoyes, the American Minister, gave the Ex-President a 
reception at his huu=c on the Avenue Juoephiue. This re- 



156 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

ception was of the most brilliant character, and was attended 
by all the leading Americans in Paris. None of the Re- 
publican leaders were, however, present. Subsequently, 
Mr. Healey, the artist, arranged a meeting, at which General 
Grant met M. Gambetta. From this and other meetings, 
a high feeling of esteem arose for the French Republican 
leader, who impressed the General as one of the foremost 
minds in Europe. It was on the 6th of November that 
the members of the American colony, numbering some 
three hundred, gave a public dinner to General Grant at 
the Grand Hotel. With but few exceptions, every Amer- 
ican in Paris was present. General Noyes presided, and 
among the guests were MM. Rochambeau and Lafayette, 
the latter descended from the Revolutionary hero of that 
name. The veteran journalist, Emile Girardin, was there, 
whom Horace Greeley called the greatest journalist in the 
world. Edmond About and Laboulaye were present. This 
dinner proceeded without special incident, the General be- 
ing received with the greatest enthusiasm, and making a 
brief speech. These two dinners, with one at the Elysees, 
were the special events of the General's visit. General 
Torbert entertained the Ex-President at his apartment. 
On the 20th of November, Madame Mackey, of California, 
gave a reception at her house near the Arch of Triumph, 
which, from its splendor, recalled scenes in the " Arabian 
Nights." 



Ascending Mt. Vesuvius. 

While visiting the beautiful city of Naples, General 
Grant, John Russell Young, and others, made the ascent 
of Mt. Vesuvius. Mr. Young has given a graphic descrip- 
tion of the extensive "'climb," as follows: 

" There, far above, was Vesuvius, and we were impatient 



158 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

for the ascent. It was too late when we arrived in Naples, 
but the General, with military promptness, gave orders for 
the march next morning. We stood on the deck and 
studied the stern old mountain, and picked out the various 
objects with a telescope, and did an immense amount of 
reading on the subject. The volcano was in a lazy mood, 
and not alive to the honor of a visit from the Ex- President 
of the United States, for all he deigned to give us was a 
lazy puff of smoke, not a spark, or a flame, or a cinder. I 
suppose the old monster is an aristocrat, and a conservative, 
and said: 'What do I care for presidents, or your new re- 
publics! I have scattered my ashes over a Roman republic. 
I have lighted Caesar's triumphs, and thrown my clouds 
over the path of Brutus fresh from Cfesar's corpse. Why 
should I set my forces in motion to please a party of Yan- 
kee sight-seers, even if one of them should be a famous 
general and ex-ruler of a republic? I have looked upon 
Hannibal and Csesar, Charlemagne and Bonaparte. I have 
seen the rise and fall of empires. I have admonished gen- 
erations who have worshiped Jupiter, as I have admonished 
generations who have worshiped the Cross. I am the home 
of the gods ; and if you would see my power, look at my base 
and ask of the ashes that cumber Herculaneum and Pom- 
peii.' So the stubborn old monster never gave us a flash 
of welcome, only a smoky puff now and then to tell us that 
he was a monster all the time, if he only chose to manifest 
his awful will. We stood upon the deck in speculation, 
and some of us hoped that there would be an eruption ov 
something worth describing. The General was bent' on 
climbing to the very summit and looking into the crater, 
and with that purpose we started on the morning of Tues- 
day, December 18th. 

" We should have gone earlier, but many high people in 
uniforms, commanding one thing or another, had to com* 



A HOUND THE WOULD. 15<> 

on board and pay their respects. It wu.s ten before we were 
under way, the General and party in the advance, with our 
courier, whom we have called the Marquis, on the box, and 

Mrs. Grant's maid bringing up the rear. We drove all the 
way. 

" Vesuvius is now a double mountain upon an extended 
base from thirty to forty miles in circumference, n<>t more 
than one third the base of Etna. Its height varies. In 
L868 it was 4,255 feet; but since 1872 it has slightly dimin- 
ished. Stromboli is oA)±l feet, but, although in con-taut 
motion, the stones nearly all fall back into the crater. 
Etna is 10,870 feet in height, but slopes so gradually, and 
has so broad a base, that it looks more like a table land 
than a mountain. I did not see Stromboli, for although 
we sailed near it, the mis't and rain hid it from view. I 
have seen Etna, however, and think it far less imposing 
and picturesque than Vesuvius. 

•• In the meantime we are going up steadily. The horses 
go slower and slower. Some of us get out and help them 
by walking part of the way and taking short cuts. The 
few houses that we see on the roadside have evidently been 
built with a view to eruptions, for the roofs are made of 
heavy stone and cement. General Grant Hotes that where 
the lava and stones have been allowed to re>t and to 
mingle with the soil. good, crops spring up. and here and 
there we note a flourishing bit of vineyard. Soon, however, 
vineyards disappear, and after the vineyards the houses, 
except an occasional house of shelter, into which we are 
all invited to enter ami drink of the Tear- of Christ. 

" Still we climb the hill, going Bteadily up. Those of 
us who thought we could make the veay on foot repent, for 
the way i- steep and the road is hard. All around OS is an 
ocean of chaos and death. There in all forms ami shape- 
lie the lava streams that did their work in other davs, black 



160 STORIES AND [SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

and cold and forbidding. You can trace the path of each 
eruption as distinctly as the windings of the stream from 
the mountain top. We are now high up on the mountain, 
and beneath us is the valley and the Bay of Naples, with 
Ischia and Capri, and on the other horizon a range of 
mountains tinged and tipped with snow. In one direc- 
tion we see the eruption of 1872; the black lava stream 
bordered with green. What forms and shapes! what fan- 
tastic, horrible shapes the fire assumed in the hours of its 
triumph! I can well see how Martial and Virgil and the 
early poets saw in these phenomena the strife and anger of 
the gods. Yirgil describes Enceladus transfixed by Jove 
and the mountain thrown upon him, which shakes and 
trembles whenever he turns his weary sides. This is the 
scene, the very scene of his immortal agony. There are no 
two forms alike; all is black, cold, and pitiless. If we could 
only see one living thing in this mass of destruction; but 
all is death, all desolation. Here and there, where the 
rains have washed the clay, and the birds, perhaps, may 
have carried seed, the grass begins to grow; but the whole 
scene is desolation. I thought of the earlier ages, when 
the earth was black and void, and fancied that it was just 
such an earth as this when Divinity looked upon it and 
said, " Let there be light." I thought of the end of all 
things, of our earth, our fair, sweet and blooming earth, 
again a mass of lava, rock and ashes, all life gone out of it, 
rolling through space. 

" The presence of a phenomenon like this, and right 
above us the ever-seething crater, is in itself a* solemn and 
. beautiful sight. We all felt repaid with our journey; for by 
this time we had come to the journey's end, and oar mus- 
ings upon eternity and chaos did not forbid thoughts of 
luncheon. For the wind was cold and we were hungry. 
So when our illustrious captain intimated that we might 



AROUND THE WORLD. 161 

seek :i place of refuge and entertainment, a Lighl gleamed 
in the eyes of the Marquis, and he reined ue up al a hoa 
telrv called the 1 [ermitas:< . 

"There, in quite a primitive fashion, we had our lunch- 
eon, helping ourselves and each other in good homely 
A-merican fashion, for we were as far from the ameni 
of civilization as though we were in Montana. 

" After Luncheon we walked about, looking at the crater, 
where fumes were quite apparent — at the world of desola- 
tion around us, some of it centuries old, but as fresh and 
terrible as when it burst from the world of fire beneath us. 
But there was still another picture — one of sublime and 
marvelous beauty. There beneath us, in the clear, sunny 
air — there was Naples, queen among cities, and her vil- 
lages clustering about her. Beautiful, won'lrously beauti- 
ful, that panorama of hill and field and sea, that rolled 
before us thousands of feet below! We could count twenty 
villages in the plain, their white roofs massed together and 
spangling the green plain like gem-." 




162 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

In Egypt. 

General Grant arrived in Egypt early in January, 1878. 
The Khedive gave him a palace in the suburbs of the cap- 
ital — an Oriental building, with a French decoration and 
furniture — and sent him up the Nile in his own yacht. 
General Grant made the fastest Nile trip on record. He 
went as far as the first cataract, the Island of Philae, 
visiting Thebes, Abidos, the Pyramids, and Memphis, and 
what added to the interest of the visit was that the Khe- 
dive sent with the party perhaps the most distinguished 
Egyptian scholar living, Brugsch, a most accomplished 
man, who knew hieroglyphics as well as he knew his own 
language, and made everything plain to the company. 

" What a blank our trip would be without Brugsch," 
said the General one day, as the party were coming back 
from a ruin. John Russell Young, who accompanied 
General Grant up the Nile describes the journey and pas- 
times as follows: 

"We breakfast whenever we please — in the French 
fashion. The General is an early or late riser, according 
as we have an engagement for the day. If there are ruins 
to be seen in the morning, he is generally first on the deck 
with his Indian helmet swathed in silk, and as he never 
waits, we are off on military time. If there are no sights 
to be seen, the morning hours drift away. We lounge on 
the deck. We go among the Arabs and see them cooking. 
We lean over the prow and watch the sailors po^e the Nile 
with long poles and call out the message from its bed. 
Sometimes a murderous feeling steals over some of the 
younger people, and they begin to shoot at a stray crane 
or pelican. I am afraid these shots do not diminish the 
resources of the Nile, and the General suggests that the 
sportsmen go ashore and .fire at the poor, patient, drudging 




EGYPT. 



t63 



164 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. OB ANT. 

camel, who pulls his heavy-laden hump along the bank. 
There are long pauses of silence, in which the General 
maintains his long-conceded supremacy. Then come little 
ripples of real, useful conversation, when the General 
strikes some theme connected with the war or his admin- 
istration. Then one wishes that he might gather up and 
bind these sheaves of history. Or perhaps our friend 
Brugsch opens upon some theme connected with Egypt. 
And we sit in grateful silence while he tells us of the 
giants who reigned in the old dynasties, of the gods they 
honored, of the tombs and temples, of their glory and 
their fall. I think that we will all say that the red-letter 
hours of our Nile journey were when General Grant told 
us how he met Lee at Appomattox, or how Sherman fought 
at Shiloh, or when Brugsch, in a burst of fine enthusiasm, 
tells us of the glories of the eighteenth dynasty, or what 
Karnak must have been in the days of its splendors and 
its pride. But you must not suppose that we have nothing 
but serious talk in those idle hours on the Kile." 



At Pompeii. 

It is said that General Grant, in speaking of his journey 
abroad, stated that " Pompeii was one of the few things which 
had not disappointed his expectations; that the truth was 
more striking than the imagination had painted," and that 
" it was worth a journey over the sea to see and study its 
stately, solemn ruins." 

The Italian authorities did General Grant special honor 
on his visit to this place by directing that a house should 
be excavated. It is one of the special compliments paid 
to visitors of renown. Houses are shown, by the guide, 
that have been excavated in the presence of Murat and his 
queen, of Joseph II, Admiral Farragut, and General (Slier- 



H 

C 
f 

o 




166 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

man, and General Sheridan. These houses are still known 
by the names of the illustrious persons who witnessed their 
excavation. 

General Grant's visit was known only to a few. The- 
quarter selected was near the Forum. Chairs were ar- 
ranged for the General. Mrs. Grant, and some of us, and 
there quietly, in a room that had known Pompeiian life 
seventeen centuries ago, we awaited the signal that was to 
dig up the ashes that had fallen from Vesuvius that terri- 
ble night in August, Our group was composed of the 
General, his wife and son, Mr. Duncan, the American 
Consul in Naples, Commander Robeson, of the " Van- 
dalia," Lieutenants Strong, Miller and Rush, and Engineer 
Baird, of tfie same ship. We formed a group about the 
General, while the director gave the workmen the signal. 
The spades dived into the ashes, while with eager eyes we 
looked on. What story would be revealed of that day of 
agony and death? Perhaps a mother, almost in the frui- 
tion of a proud mother's hopes, lying in the calm repose 
of centuries, like the figure we had seen only an hour ago 
dug from these very ruins. Perhaps a miser hurrying 
with his coin only to fall in his doorway, there to rest in 
peace while seventeen centuries of the mighty world rolled 
over him, and to end at last in a museum. Perhaps a sol- 
dier fallen at his post, or a reveler stricken at the feast. 
All these things have been given us from Pcnnpeii, and 
we stood watching the nimble spades and the tumbling 
ashes, watching with the greedy eyes of gamblers to see 
what chance would send. Nothing came of any startling 
import. There were two or three bronze ornaments, a loaf 
of bread wrapped In cloth, the grain of the bread and the 
fiber of the cloth as clearly marked as when the probable 
remnant of an humble meal was put aside by the careful 
housewife's hands. Beyond this, • and some fragments 




BTREET IN CAIRO. 



167 



168 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

which we could not understand, this was all that came 
from the excavation of Pompeii. The director was evi- 
dently disappointed. He expected a skeleton at the very- 
least to come out of the cruel ashes and welcome our re- 
nowned guest, who had come so many thousand miles to 
this Roman entertainment. lie proposed to open another 
ruin, but one of our i: Yandalia " friends, a very practical 
gentleman, remembered that it was cold, and that he had 
been walking a good deal and was hungry, and when he 
proposed that, instead of excavating another ruin, we 
should " excavate a beefsteak " at the restaurant near the 
gate of the sea, there was an approval. The General, who- 
had been leisurely smoking his cigar and studying the 
scene with deep interest, quietly assented, and thanking 
the director for his courtesy, said he would give him no 
more trouble. 



In Couslantinople. 



Constantinople as seen from the Bosphorus is the most 
beautiful city in the world. When you land, however, all 
the illusion passes away. 

The Turks were very kind to General Grant. The Sul- 
tan, although he was at the time of the General's visit in 
the agony of signing a treaty of humiliation and dismem- 
berment for his country, showed him great attention. 
General Grant did not visit the Bussian headquarters, 
although he was anxious to do so. He thought, however, 
that bavins; been the guest of the Sultan to a certain extent, 
it would be ungracious for him to go from the palace of 
his host to the headquarters of a conquering army encamped 
in the suburbs of the capital. 

There was some criticism at the time, some censure of 
Ge:. >ral Grant for what was an apparent discourtesy in not 



c 

> 

3 
o 




170 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

visiting the Russian army, but the thing was talked over 
at the time, and the General decided not to go, out of con- 
sideration for the feelings of his hosts. He preferred to 
see the Russians in Russia. 

Many excursions were made to the various palaces built 
by the recent predecessors of the present Sultan, who all 
seemed to have had a mania for building costly edifices, 
quite indifferent as to where the money came from. 

Some of the party, with antiquarian zeal, visited the 
great Hippodrome, which once was the rival of the Roman 
Coliseum. 

One thing which General Grant observed as being pe- 
culiar in Constantinople was its quiet after a certain hour 
at night. By half-past nine, there are no moving figures 
in the streets, save that of an occasional patrol of soldiers 
going to the relief of a post. 



In Jerusalem 



General Grant's visit to the Holy Land is said to have 
been exceedingly interesting, though the party was unfor- 
tunate so far as the weather was concerned. The heaviest 
snow storm which had fallen in twelve years greeted the 
General on his arrival, but, notwithstanding, his reception 
was enthusiastic. 

We had expected, says Mr. Young, to enter Jerusa- 
lem in our quiet, plain way, pilgrims really coming to see 
the Holy City, awed by its renowned memories. 

But lo and behold! Here is an army with banners, and 
we are commanded to enter as conquerors, in a triumphal 
manner! Well, I know of one in that company who looked 
with sorrow upon the pageantry, and he it was for whom 
it was intended. 



1?2 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

The General had just been picturing to his companions 
what a pleasant thing it would be to reach Jerusalem 
about five, to go to our hotel, and stroll around quietly 
and see the town. There would be no palaces, or soldiers, 
or ceremonies, such as had honored and oppressed us in 
Egypt. But the General had scarcely drawn this picture 
of what his fancy hoped would await him in the Holy 
City, when the horsemen came galloping out of the rain 
and mist, and told us we were expected. 

Well, there was no help for it, for there were cavalry, 
and the music, and the dragomans of all nations, in pic- 
turesque costumes, and the American flag floating, and 
our Consul, the proudest man in Palestine. 

Arrived at the city, General Grant was at once called 
upon by the Pacha and the Consuls. The Bishops and 
the Patriarchs all came and blessed the General and his 
house. The Pacha sent his band of fifty pieces in the 
evening to serenade the ex-President. The Pacha also 
gave a state dinner, which was largely attended. 

Early the following morning General Grant stole away, 
before the reception ceremonies, and walked over the street 
Yia Dolorosa, consecrated to Christianity as the street 
over which Jesus carried His cross. The General lived, 
while in Jerusalem, within five minutes' walk of Calvary, 
and with this sacred mount in plain sight from his win- 
dow. 



ABQUXD THE WOULD. 173 

General Grant and Prince Bismarck— An Interesting Interview 
between Two Remarkably Great Men. 

Soon after General Grant's arrival in Berlin, he called 
upon Prince Bismarck, going to the palace alone and on 
foot As lie passes into the court-yard, the sentinels pre- 
nt arms, and the General raises his hat in honor of the 
Bahite. The doors are opened, and the Prince, taking the 
I S-eneral by the hand, said: 

"Glad to welcome General Grant to Germany." 
The General answered that there, was no incident in 
his German visit that more interested him than this op- 
portunity of meeting the Prince. 

Bismarck expressed surprise at seeing the General so 
young a man, but on a comparison of ages it was found 
that Bismarck was only eleven years the General's senior. 
" That," said the Prince, '-'shows the value of a military 
life; for here you have the frame of a young man, while I 
feel like an old man." 

The^ General, smiling, announced that he was at that 
period of life when lie could have no higher compliment 
than being called a young man. By this time the Prince 
had escorted the General to a chair. 

It was his library or study, and an open window looked 
it upon a beautiful park, upon which the warm June sun 
was Bhining. This is the private park of the Radziwill 
Palace, which is now : " sk's Berlin home. Thelibrary 

is a 1; : ■_• . spacious room, the walls a gray marble, and the 
furniture plain, i r is a large and high writing 

desk, where the Chancellor works, and od the varnished 
floors a few rug- are thrown. 

The Prince speaks English with precision, but Blowly, 
as though lacking in practice, now and then taking refuge 
in a French word, but showing a thorough command of the 
language. 




Cathedral at Stkassbubg. 
174 



ABOUND THE WORLD. 175- 

After inquiring after the health of General Sheridan, 
who was a fellow-campaigner" in France, and became a 
ffreat friend of Bismarck's, they discussed the Eastern 
question, military armament and strength, and the late 
atrocious attempt to assassinate the Emperor, giving the 
two great men an opportunity to discuss this phase of so- 
cialism. In speaking of tin.- attempl on the life of the 
Emperor, the Prince paid the following glowing tribute to 
the Emperor: 

" It is so strange, so strange and so sad. Here is an old 
man — one of the kindest old gentlemen in the world — and 
yet they must try and shoot him ! There never was a more 
simple, more genuine, more — what shall 1 Bay? — more hu- 
mane character than the Emperor's, lie is totally unlike 
null born in his station, or many of them, at least, ^ ou 
know that men who come into the world in his rank, horn 
princes, are apt to think themselves of another race and 
another world. They are apt to take small account of the 
wishes and feelings of others. All their education tends 
to deaden the human side. But this Emperor is so much 
of a man in all things! lie never did any one a wrong in 
his life. He never wounded any one's feelings; never im- 
posed a hardship! He is the most genial and winning of 
men — thinking always, anxious always for the comfort 
and welfare of his people, of those around him. You can 
not conceive a finer type of the noble, courteous, charitable 
old gentleman, with every high quality of a prince. as 
well as every virtue of a man. I should have Bupposed 
that the Emperor could have walked alone all over the 
Empire without harm, and yet they must try and shoot 
him." 

The Prince asked the General when he might have I 
pleasure of seeing Mr-. Grant. The General answered 
that .-he would receive him at air. < onvenient hour. 



176 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

" Then," said the Prince, " I will come to-morrow before 
the Congress meets." 

Both gentlemen arose, and the General renewed the ex- 
pression of his pleasure at having seen a man who was so 
well known and so highly esteemed in America. 

" General," answered the Prince, " the pleasure and the 
honor are mine. Germany and America have always been 
in so friendly a relation that nothing delights us more 
than to meet Americans, and especially an American who 
has done so much for his country, and whose name is so 
much honored in Germany as your own." 

The Prince and the General walked side by side to the 
door, and after shaking hands the General passed into the 
square. The guard presented arms, and the General lit a 
fresh cigar and slowly strolled home. 

" I am glad I have seen Bismarck," he remarked. " He 
is a man whose manner and bearing fully justify the 
opinions one forms of him. What he says about the Em- 
peror was beautifully said, and should be known to all the 
Germans and those who esteem Germany." 



In Edinburgh. 

After a " run to the Continent," General Grant returned 
to the " English Speaking " realm of the old world, and in 
reply to the Lord Provost's speech at Edinburgh, in Scotland, 
said: 

T am so filled with emotion that I hardly know how to thank you for 
the honor conferred upon me by making me a burgess of this ancient 
city of Edinburgh. I feel that it is a great compliment to me and to my 
country. Had I eloquence I might dwell somewhat on the history of the 
great men you have produced, or the numerous citizens of this city and 



AROUND TUB WORLD 177 

land that have gone to America, and the record they have made 

We are proud of Scotchmen as citizens of Ann > ■ 

citizens of our country, and they find it profitable to themselves, ( l.augh- 

ter.) I again thank you for the honor you have conferred upon me. 



Grant's Speech in Glasgow. 

General Grant visited Glasgow September L3, where he 
was warmly received. The usual reception followed, where 
Grant made the following eloquent speech: 

I rise to think you for the great honor that has been conferred upon 
me this day by making me a free burgess of this great city of Glasgow. 
The honor is one that I shall cherish, and I shall always remember this 
day. 

When I am hark in my own country, I will be ableto refer with pride 
not only to my visit to Glasgow, but to all the different towns in this 
kingdom that I have bad the pleasure and the honor of visiting. (Ap- 
plause.) 

I find that I am being made so much a citizen of Scotland, it will 
become a serious question where I shall go to vote. (Laughter and ap- 
plause.) You have railroads and other fai for getting from one place 
to another, And I might vote frequently in Scotland hy starting early. I 
do not know how you punish that crime over here; it is a crime that is very 
often practiced by] ile who come to our country and become citi 
there by adoption. In fact, I think they give the majority of the \ 
I do not refer to Scotchmen particularly, but to naturalize! i 

But to speak more seriously, ladies and gentlemen, I feel the hoii'Tof 

this occasion, and I beg to thank you, ladies and gentlemen of this city 

of Glasgow, for the kind words of your Lord Provost, and for the kind 

expression of this audience. 
12 



178 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

Speech at Newcastle. 

The following address was in reply to the remarks by 
the President of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce: 

The President in his remarks has alluded to the personal friendship' 
existing between the two nations — I will not say the two peoples, because 
we are one people (applause) ; but we are two nations having a common 
destiny, and that destiny will be brilliant in proportion to the friendship 
and co-operation of the brethren ou the two sides of the water. (Ap- 
plause.; 

During my eight years of Presidenc}^, it was my study to heal up all 
the sores that were existing between us. (Applause.) That healing 
was accomplished in a manner honorable to tiie nations. (Applause.) 
From that day to this feelings of amity have been constantly growing, 
as I think; I know it has been so on our side, and I believe never to be 
disturbed again. 

These are two nations which ought to be at peace with each other. 
We ought to strive to keep at peace with all the world besides (applause), 
and by our example stop those wars which have devastated our own 
countries, and are now devastating some countries in Europe. ; 



" Let us Have Peace." 

Before one of the Eno-lish societies, organized in the in- 
terest of peace, the General made the following speech: 

Members of the Midland International Arbitration Union: — 
I thank you for your address. It is one that gives me very little to reply 
to, more than to express my thanks. Though I have followed a military 
life for the better part of my years, there was never a day of my life 
when I was not in favor of peace on any terms that were honorable. 

It has been my misfortune to be engaged in more battles than any 
other general on the other side of the Atlantic ; but there was never a 
lime during my command that I would not have gladly chosen Fome- 
settlement by reason rather than by the sword. 



180 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

I am conscientiously, and have been from the beginning, an advocate 
of what the society represented by you, gentlemen, is seeking to carry 
out; and nothing would afford me greater happiness than to know, as I 
believe to be the case, that, at some future day, the nations of the earth 
will agree upon some sort of congress, which shall take cognizance of 
international questions of difficulty, and whose decisions will be as 
binding as the decision of our Supreme Court is binding on us. \ 

It is" a dream of mine that some such solution may be found for all 
questions of difficulty that may arise between different nations. In one 
of the addresses, I have forgotten which, reference was made to the dis- 
missal of the army to the pursuits of peaceful industry. 

I would gladly see the millions of men who are now supported by 
the industry of the nations return to industrial pursuits, and thus be- 
come self-sustaining, and take off the tax upon labor which is now 
levied for their support. 



Address to the Working People. 

The address of the General at Tyneside, in behalf of the 
workingmen, was prefaced by some eloquent remarks of 
Mr. Burt, M. P., the closing words of which were as fol- 
lows : 

" And now, General, in our final words we greet you as a sincere friend 
of labor. Having attested again and again your deep solicitude for the 
industr^l classes, and having also nobly proclaimed the dignity of labor 
by breaking the chains of the slave, you are entitled to our sincere and 
unalloyed gratitude ; and our parting wish is, that the general applause 
which you have received in your own country, and are now receiving in 
this, for the many triumphs which you have so gloriously achieved, may 
be succeeded by a peaceful repose, and that the sunset of your life may 
be attended with all the blessings that this earth can afford." 

General Grant then arose and delivered one of his longest 
and best speeches. It was as follows: 



AROUND THE WORLD. 181 

Mr. Burt and Workincmen: — Through you I will return thanks 
•to the workinginen of Tyneside for the very acceptable welcome address 
which you have just read. I accept from that class of people the recep- 
tion which they have accorded nie, as among the most honorable. "We 
all know that but for labor we would have very little that is worth 
fightiDg for, and when wars do come they fall upon the many, the pro- 
ducing class, who are the sufferers. They not only have to furnish the 
means largely, but they have, by their labor and industry, to produce 
the means for those who are engaged in destroying and not in pro- 
ducing. 

" I was always a man of peace, and I have always advocated peace, 
although educated a soldier. I never willingly, although I have gone 
through two wars, of my own accord advocated war. (Loud cheers.) 

" I advocated what I believed to be right, and I have fought for it to 
the best of my ability in order that an honorable peace might be secured. 
You have been pleased to allude to the friendly relations existing be- 
tween the two great nations on both sides of the Atlantic. They are 
now most friendly, and the friendship has been increasing. 

"Our interests are so identified, we are so much related to each 
other, that it is my sincere hope, and it has been the sincere hope of 
my life, and especially of my official life, to maintain that friendship. 
I entertain views of the progress to be made in the future by the union 
and friendship of the great English-speaking people, for I believe that it 
will result in the spread of our language, our civilization, and our in- 
dustry, and be for the benefit of mankind generally. (Cheers.) 

" I do not know, Mr. Burt, that there is anything more for me to say, 
except that I would like to communicate to the people whom I see 
assembled before me here this day, how greatly I feel the honor which 
they have conferred upon me." (Cheers.) 



182 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 
Speech in Sheffield — Grant's First Penknife. 

General Grant visited Sheffield on the 26th of Septem- 
ber. The town was decorated, and the General arrived on 
the Pullman palace car. He drove to the Cutlers' Hall. 
The aldermen were present in scarlet, and the councilors 
in purple. In- the center of the platform "three chairs 
were reserved for the Mayor, the General, and Mrs. Grant. 
The Mayor welcomed the General to Sheffield, and an ad- 
dress was read in which America was congratulated on 
having abolished slavery. In his response the General 
said: 

Mr. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen of Sheffield:— I have just 
heard the address which has been read and presented to me, with great 
gratification. It affords me singular pleasure to visit a city the name 
of which has been familiar to me from my earliest childhood. I think 
the first penknife I ever owned, away out in the western part of the 
State of Ohio, was marked " Sheffield." I think the knives and forks 
we then used on our table had all of them " Sheffield " marked on them. 
I do not know whether they were counterfeit or not, but it gave them a 
good market. From that day to this the name of your industrial city 
has been familiar, not only in the States, but I suppose throughout the 
civilized world. The city hf»s been distinguished for its industry, its 
inventions, and its progress. If our commerce has not increased as 
much as you might wish, yet it has increased, 1 think, with Sheffield 
since the days of which I spoke when we had no cutlery excepting that 
marked "Sheffield." It must be very much larger than it was then. 
We are getting to make some of those things ourselves, and I believe 
occasionally we put our own stamp upon them ; but Sheffield cutlery 
still has a high place in the markets of the world. I assure you the 
welcome I have received here to-day affords me very great pleasure, 
and I shall carry away with me the pleasant recollections of what I 
have seen in Sheffield. 



ABOUND THE WORLD. 183 

General Grant's Great Speech in Birmingham. 

" Mn. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen of Likmin<;ham :— I scarcely 
know how to respond to a toast which has hecu presented in such elo- 
quent language, and in terms so complimentary to myself and to the 
nation to which I helong, and in which I have had the honor of holding 
a public position. There are some few points, however, alluded to by 
your representative in Parliament, that 1 will respond to. He alluded 
to the great merit of retiring a large army at the close of a great war 
If he had ever been in my position for four years, and undergone all the 
anxiety and care that I had in the management of those large armies, he 
would appreciate how happy I was to be able to say that they could be 
dispensed with. (Laughter and applause.) I disclaim all credit and 
praise for doing that one thing. 

" I knew that I was doomed to become a citizen of the United States, 
and, so far as my personal means went, to aid in ^eradicating the debt 
already created, and in paying my share of any expenses that might 
have to be borne for the support of a large standing army. 

"Then, further, we Americans claim to be so much of Englishmen, 
and to have so much general intelligence, and so much personal inde- 
pendence and individuality, that we do not quite believe that it is pos- 
sible for any one man there to assume any more right and authority 
than the constitution of the land gave to him. (Hear, hear.) Among 
the English-speaking people we do not think these things possible. 

" We can fight among ourselves, and dispute and abuse each other, 
but we will not allow ourselves to be abused outside; nor will those who 
look on at our little personal quarrels in our own midst permit us to in- 
terfere with their own rights. Now, there is one subject that has been 
alluded to here that I do not know that I should speak upon it at all; 
I have heard it occasionally whispered since I have been in England 
— and that is, the [great advantages that would accrue to the United 
States if free trade should only be established. 

" I have a sort of recollection, through reading, that England herself 
had a protective tariff until she had manufactories somewhat established. 
I think we are rapidly progressing in the way of establishing manufac- 



184 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

tories ourselves, and I believe we shall become one of the greatest free- 
trade nations on the face of the earth ; and when we both come to be 
free-traders, I think that probably the balance of nations had better stand 
aside, and not contend with us at all in the markets of the world. 

" If I had been accustomed to public speaking — I never did speak in 
public in my life until I came to England— I would respond further to 
this toast ; but I believe that the better policy would be to thank you not 
only for the toast, and the language in which it lias been presented, but 
for the very gratifying reception which I have had personally in Bir- 
mingham." 

Speech in Brighton. 

In response to the Mayor's address of welcome, the 
General said: 

"Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen: — I have to rise here in answer to a 
toast that has made it embarrassing to me, by the very complimentary 
terms in which it has been proposed. But I can say to you all, gen- 
tlemen, that since my arrival in England, I have had the most agreeable 
receptions everywhere; and I enjoy yours exceedingly. 

" In a word, I will say that Brighton has advantages which very few 
places have, in consequence of its proximity to the greatest city in the 
world. There you can go and transact your business, and return in 
the evening. 

" If I were an Englishman, I think I should select Brighton as a place 
where I should live, and I am very sure you could not meet a jollier and 
better people anywhere. But I would say one word in regard to a toast 
which preceded, and that is in regard to your Forees. I must say one 
word for the Volunteers, or Reserve Forces, as I believe you call them. 
They are what the English-speaking people are to rely on in the future. 
I believe that wherever there is a great war between one civilized nation 
and another, it will be these Forces in which they will have to place 
their confidence. 

" "We English-speaking people keep up the public schools in order to* 
m aintain and advance the intelligence of our country, and, in time, fit 



MiOVND THE WORLD. 185 

our people for volunteer service, and for higher training; and you will 
always find the men among them who are equal to any occasion. I 
have forgotten a good deal your Mayor has said that I would like to 
respond to, hut I can say, that since 1 landed in Liverpool, my recep- 
tion has heen most gratifying to me. 

" I regard that reception as an evidence of the kindest of feeling 
toward my country, and I can assure you, if we go on as good friends 
and good neighbors, that the English-speaking people are going to 
be the Greatest people in the world. Our language is spreading 
with greater rapidity than the language of any other nation ever did» 
and we are becoming the commercial people of the world." 



Greece and Rome. 

The General's visits to Greece and Rome were very pleas- 
ant. "We had," says a friend in the party, "a very inter- 
esting time in Greece — most interesting. We saw a great 
deal of the King of Greece, a bright, interesting young 
gentleman — who came on hoard the Vandalia and spent an 
afternoon with General Grant. They talked a great deal 
about the relations of Greece and Turkey, and the King 
was anxious, I observed, to have General Grant's advice as 
to the best attitude for Greece to take. The King looks a 
good deal like his sister, the Princess of Wales. He talked 
English very well, and seemed to be an earnest, resolute 
man, wrapped np in the success of his little kingdom. lie 
has a hard time, though, between the jealousies of the 
great powers and the tierce enmity of Turkey. 

••When they came to Rome, Cardinal McCloskey called 
on General Grant and introduced him to the Vatican." 



186 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

In Russia. 

General Grant arrived at St. Petersburg July 30, where 
lie was met by Minister Stoughton. The Emperor's Aid- 
de-camp, Prince Gortschakoff. and other high officials of 
the imperial court, called immediately, welcoming the ex- 
President in the name of the Czar. 

On the following day General Grant had an audience 
with the Emperor. The fountains were played in his honor. 

He afterward visited the great Russian man-of-war, Pe- 
ter the Great. The band played American airs, and a royal 
salute of twenty-one guns was fired. The imperial yacht 
then steamed slowly among the Russian fleet lying off 
Cronstadt, the ships running out American colors, and the 
sailors cheering. 

Subsequently^ the General had an interview with the 
Czar at St. Petersburg. The Emperor manifested great 
cordiality. His Majesty talked of his health and the Gen- 
eral's travels, and seemed greatly interested in our national 
wards, the Indians. At the close of the interview, the 
Emperor accompanied General Grant to the door, saying: 
" Since the foundation of your government, the relations 
between Russia and America have been of the friendliest 
character, and as long as I live nothing shall be spared to 
continue that friendship." 

The General answered that, although the two govern- 
ments were directly opposite in character, the great major- 
ity of the American people were in sympathy with Russia, 
and would, he hoped, so continue. 

At the station, General Grant met the Grand Duke 
Alexis, who was very cordial, recalling with pleasure his 
visits to America. 

On the 9th instant he was in Moscow, the ancient capi- 
tal of Russia, and four days later at Warsaw. At all these 
places the General was most cordially received. 




Napoleon Witnessing the Burning of Moscow. 



188 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

In tha Orient. 

J. Russell Young, who has been with General Grant 
in his travels, sums up their visit to China and Japan in 
the following interesting account : While we were at 
lions; Konjr we visited Canton, which was really our first 
knowledge of China. The reception of General Grant at 
Hong Kong was one of the most extraordinary of the trip. 
There had been a good deal of anxiety about his coming, 
and the Viceroy sent word that if General Grant preferred 
it he would have the city closed upon the day of his visit. 
It is customary in Chinese cities when the Emperor passes 
through to close all the shops, and the Viceroy thought he 
ought to pay the General the same courtesy, but General 
Grant said he wanted to see the people, consequently when 
he visited the Yamen, the Viceroy's palace, to dine with the 
Viceroy, it was through a crowd estimated at about 200,000 
persons. It was one of the most extraordinary sights I 
ever saw in my life. The journey was between three and 
four miles. We went in chairs. I could not have im- 
agined such a mass of human beings, silent, curious, inter- 
ested, and on the qui vive, for " the American Emperor," 
as they called him, expecting to see a mysterious, super- 
natural personage, in uniform; disappointed at seeing only 
a plain, middle-sized gentleman, wearing summer clothes 
and a straw hat. 

From Shanghai we went to Tientsin, where we met the 
greatest man in China, the Viceroy of that Province, Li- 
Ilung-Chang, who, in addition to the office of Viceroy, 
also enjoys that of Grand Secretary of State, Guardian of 
the Emperor, Commander of the Army, and Secretary of 
War. He had command of the army that put down the 
rebellion against the Taepings, is of the same age as Gen- 
eral Grant, and had expressed the greatest anxiety to see. 



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100 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT 

the General. The Viceroy is a haughty, imperial person, 
whose relations with foreigners have never been agreeable ; 
but, in receiving General Grant, he did violence to all tra- 
ditions of Chinese courtesy and diplomacy, called on him 
first, gave him dinners, met him at dinners where ladies 
were present — a thing never known of before in China — and 
spent most of his time with the General, talking about the 
Loo Choo question with Japan. The General was very 




The Cuinese Wall. 



much impressed with Li-IIung-Chang, who is the most 
advanced of the Qhinese statesmen. 

At Peking we met all the leading statesmen of the 
Chinese Government. "We did not see the Emperor, who 
is a boy seven years old; but we saw, several times, the 
Prince Regent, Prince Kung. Prince Kung is a Tartar; 
Li Ilung-Chang is a Chinaman. 

When General Grant reached Yokohama he was received 
by members of the Cabinet, Princes of the household, and 



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192 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

taken to Tokio, about an hour's ride by rail from Yoko- 
hama. The Emperor gave him a palace near the sea, 
where he lived during his stay in Japan, with the excep- 
tion of the time for two excursions. The visit to Japan 
was very pleasant in every way. I think that the most 
important problem in modern politics is the future of 
China and Japan. I think our foreign policy should be 
directed more directly to China and Japan than to Euro- 
pean countries. I know that it has interested General 
Grant very much; in fact, I think that if he were ques- 
tioned on the subject he would say that his experiences in 
China and Japan were the most important of his whole 
journey. 



General Grant's Return. 

General Grant touched his native shores at San Francisco 
September 20, 1879. To say that he was enthusiastically 
welcomed by that golden city by the sea is not telling all 
the truth. The whole country joined in the grand recep- 
tion extended. The General himself was overwhelmed, 
and when the opportunity was given his words of thank- 
fulness were lost amid shouts of 50,000 people. It will 
never be known just what he said on that occasion. 

After his reception in San Francisco, the General made 
a visit to Oregon, where he was also most heartily received. 
He had been in California and Oregon as a soldier, a quar- 
ter of a century before, and was highly gratified, as often 
stated in his speeches, to find them so greatly improved. 

General Grant had now .been, practically, around the 
world. It was exceedingly gratifying to find him enjoying 
the best of health, and to hear him say, in the widest sense 
of the phrase: 

" There is no place like home." 




y 

GESEIiAR GRaST AFTER HIS RETURN. 



183 



194 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

In the Yosemite Valley — The " Loveliest Panorama Ever Seen " — 

Grant's Little Stories. 

One of the principal attractions in General Grant's Cal- 
ifornia visit was the Yosemite Valley, which he was per- 
mitted to see in all its glory. The scenery and incidents 
are graphically described by one of the General's compan- 
ions, as follows: 

This has been the first day (Oct. 4, 1879) in Yosemite. 
The General came to breakfast with Mr. and Mrs. Miller,. 
leaving Mrs. Grant to follow, which she did a little later, 
The sunlight was stealing down the brown face of Yosem- 
ite Rock, the Merced was murmuring over its pebbles, 
and the trees sighing softly just outside the open windows 
of the dining room, but he heeded them not. He was too 
intent on half a dozen mountain trout, which made the 
principal portion of his breakfast, and which, with green 
corn, has been the main element of his regimen since he 
arrived in California. 

Breakfast finished, the General discussed his traditional 
cigar on the front porch. Pending the arrival of the horses 
which were to take the party up the trail to Glacier Point, 
Ulysses, Jr., who is becoming almost as much addicted to 
the cigar as his father, shortened a fragrant Havana. Dur- 
ing the delay the ladies had all recovered the roses which 
they had lost in the long stage rides coming to the valley, 
and were picturesquely distributed along the front of the 
hotel.] 

It shortly appeared that the General would not be ac- 
companied by all his suite. Mrs. Grant during the night 
had heard some one in the room beneath her saying that 
the firing of the giant-powder cartridges detached the rocks 
from the sides of the valley, and wondering that they would 
risk so dangerous a trip. So she concluded to remain be- 
hind with Mrs. Miller, Miss Flood and Mr. Dent. The 



AROUND TEE WOULD. 195 

rest of the company and half a dozen guides made ready 
for the ascent, and started a few minutes after nine o'clock. 
The weather Mas pleasant, but warm. 

The General led the line, with Mr. Clark close behind 
him. as best understanding the region and being the proper 
person, officially, to be in close attendance. The trail was 
in shadow during the ascent, but the bright sunlight fall- 
ing on the opposite side of the 7alley revealed every point, 
jutting crag, fissure, and crevice, from the meadows to the 
summit, and outspread the green valley like a map beneath 
the feetof theclimbinge^uestrians. The sharp turns of the 
trail, which is broad and as safe as a wagon-road, brousrht 
to view now the upper end of the valley and now the 
lower. 

The General declared it to be the loveliest panorama 
ever spread out before his eyes. He asked his companion 
about each point, dome, and canyon as it passed before him 
in military review. He lamented the dearth of water 
which should supply the great Yosemite Fall, Nature 
having been, all about, so lavish of her gifts. He proved 
bo good a horseman that his followers could scarcely keep 
pace with him. As he came out on prominent points and 
halted with one or two of those nearest him he looked like 
a general in war times, inspecting the advance of the 
enemy, his staff grouped around him. 

At Agassi/. Column, 2,200 feet above the valley, the 
party dismounted. At this point many of the peaks had 
diminished in height; the Cathedral Towers were lost in 
the more massive forms of the Three Graces: the 'ii-tance 
from wall to wall of the valley had grown vaster, and the 
Merced looked like a narrow ribbon winding through the 
meadows. The walkers took seats near the edge of the 
cliffs, which went sheer down 1,500 feet. The General. 
more venturesome than the rest, stepped out and took a 



19d STORIES AND SKETCHES OF OEN. GMANT. 

look at the valley from a rock which projected over the 
precipice. Young Ulysses dared even more. He mounted 
the rock, and, standing on tip-toe, like Mercury new lighted, 
reached up, and with a jack-knife cut a large-sized " D " on 
the trunk of a whispering pine, which, very unadvisedly, 
had selected that dizzy edge as a place of residence. After 
once dropping the knife, and having it recovered far down 
the face of the cliff by the combined exertions of Guardian 
Clark and his father, he resumed his lettering, which re- 
sulted in two neatly chiseled names, that, subjected to a 
powerful glass, looked very much like " Dora" and " Flora." 
There was a third which, however was illegible. The young 
ladies said that they did not care for that kind of immor- 
tality, but their protest was unavailing. 

General Grant, having finished his survey of the valley, 
pictorial and strategic, unbent and became talkative. A 
dog that had followed him up the trail reminded him of 
other dogs that he had seen and heard of in war-times. 

An order, he said, had once been issued during the Re- 
bellion to kill all the bloodhounds in the South, because 
they were used to pursue rebel prisoners. A soldier, in 
carrying out the order, found a poodle, and was about to 
make him a victim of the edict, when a lady, his owner, 
remonstrated. Said the soldier: 

" We are ordered to kill all bloodhounds." 
" But he is not a bloodhound," pleaded the lady. 
" That may be," returned the representative of military 
discipline, " but in such times as these no one can tell 
what he may grow to." 

To this he added another brief tale of bravery. Once, 
the narrator said, he was going from Chicago to St. Louis, 
over the Alton Railroad. The cholera was raging in St. 
Louis, and hundreds were dying daily. The car in which 
he traveled was full, and, the epidemic coming under dis- 



O 

SO 

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C 
cc 

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198 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

cussion among the passengers, all expressed themselves as 
fearless of the disease, and made remarks like these: 

"There is very little danger of taking it; in fact, no 
danger at all. Those who take it usually get it through 
fear." 

The General admired the courage of the others, and re- 
gretted that he was not similarly brave. His self-respect, 
however, returned, when, having passed Alton, he found 
himself and another passenger the sole occupants of the 
car, which was crowded two or three hours before. 

After the stories, a cartridge was fired, awaking the 
echoes for the entire circuit of the valley. Then girths 
were tightened, ladies and gentlemen remounted, and left 
the pine to its whisperings and the names to the wasting 
of the elements. The General led the way to the top of 
the little house, near Glacier Point, where lunch was to be 
prepared. "Without waiting for it the party pressed on to 
Sentinel Dome, 1,000 feet higher, or over 4,000 feet above 
the valley. The General was the first at the top. 

The view presents the widest horizon of any point about 
the valley. There can be seen, close at hand, El Capitan, 
the Three Graces, the Three Brothers, the Half Dome, 
North Dome, and Yosemite Rock, with a hundred lesser 
peaks in the distance. On one side clouds rest, and all the 
points of Mount Diell group on the other side. Follow- 
ing the course of the Merced, range upon range of moun- 
tains, which dwindled into hills and blended with the blue 
haze that filled the San Joaquin valley, the General scanned 
every object of interest with a field-glass, which he at last 
handed back with the remark, that he could see just about 
as well with the naked eye. 

He sat on the rocks, but did not converse with great 
freedom, the scenery interesting him deeply. Seeing some 
patches of snow on Mount Diell, he made inquiries about 



200 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

the glaciers. He strained his eyes to behold Mount Diablo 
and the Coast Range, which possibly might have been vis- 
ible on a clearer day. Just at this moment there came 
some puffs of sea breeze, making the air chilly. 

Again all remounted, and, picking their way slowly 
down from the rocky height, a few minutes later were at 
Macauley's Wayside Inn, where, under the direction of 
George Lenn, the landlord, lunch was nearly ready. Mean- 
while the gentlemen and ladies grouped themselves around 
the General, on the benches of the back porch, which com- 
manded a splendid prospect of Starr King Mountain, 
Mount Diell and its brethren, and in the middle ground, 
far below the spectator, the Nevada and Vernal Falls, thin 
but lovely sheets of water. JSot much could have been 
expected in a culinary way at this great height, but the 
lunch was one of the best spread for the Grant party since 
leaving San Francisco. In its way it was lovelier than the 
scenery. 

The viands discussed, the General disappeared, and, in- 
quiry being made, it was discovered that he had gone to 
the "Point, impatient to see the most superb view of the 
Yosemite region. Thence can be seen not so much as from 
Sentinel Dome, but many of the finest rocks and points in 
the most picturesque attitudes, the upper and most fertile 
portion of the valley, as far below as the orchards, looking 
like squares on a checker-board, the apple trees like huckle- 
berry bushes. Beyond, to the horizon, expands the broad T 
white waste of the high Sierras. Here there were more 
explosives to awaken specimen echoes. The reverberations 
made the round of the near peaks of the valley, were tossed 
grandly from one to another, then passed to the distant 
mountains, growing fainter, and dying away at last in the 
region of everlasting snows. 

The usual experiment of throwing bottles over the preci- 



AROUND THE WOULD. 201 

pice was tried to guage the height by the time oeeupied in 
falling. The General tried his hand at throwing, also 
young Ulysses, who showed great strength of arm. After 
further diversions at this point, the General was in good 
humor, and rallied the young ladies, asking them if they 
were not glad he had brought them. 

The descent was made in two hours, the General leading, 
gaining half a mile in the whole distance. There was a tine 
succession of views descending, varied from those of the 
morning by the different position of the sun. The west 
wall of the valley was in shadow, which grew deeper as the 
afternoon advanced: the atmosphere was agreeable; a blue 
haze filled the space within the hills, softening the outline 
of the rocks, and giving their huge forms beauty and 
grandeur. Arriving at the level of the valley a few min- 
utes after 4 o'clock, there was a general scattering to hotels. 
The ascent had been so easy that there had been little fa- 
tigue, and there was little complaint of dust. Shortly after 
reaching the Bernard House the General resumed his cigar 
as if nothing had happened. 



Down in the Mines at Virginia City. 

General Grant's travels are of the most varied character. 
At one time we iind him all alone, as was the case in Jeru- 
salem, in the dawn, walking down the narrow street through 
which the Son of God is said to have carried the Cross; 
and soon after, in China, he is in the midst of a multitude 
estimated at 200,000 souls. A few days before reaching 
Virginia City he is on the summit- of the groat mountains, 
and here we find him thousands of feet down under the 
ground. His descent and amusing experience is described 
by a friend as follows: 



202 8T0EIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

When the General appeared outside in the miner's suit, 
with his pants tucked in his stocking tops, and with the 
oldest slouched hat in the building on his head, the party- 
greeted him with "bravos" and a hearty laugh, and Grant, 
looking- with amused astonishment at himself, declared he 
was ready for Flannigan's ball. 

"When the ladies appeared in men's suits the laughter 
was turned upon them. Mrs. Fair had been down before, 
and Governor Kinkead declared significantly that we all 
knew the reason why, for in her jaunty sailor's suit she 
made a pretty picture. The General saw the point, and 
stepping up, cigar in hand, he said: "I want to offer this 
young gentleman a cigar." "Who has said that Grant is 
reserved and silent? 

On the summit of the Sierras, and sailing over the blue 
depths of Tahoe, he was always appreciative, and asking 
all sorts of questions, and to-day, in his miner's suit, and 
when sure he had escaped curious .crowds, 2,100 feet under 
the ground, he was chatty as a boy, and with a dry humor 
which did not need Grant behind it to make it good. 

He had been very sure that Mrs. Grant would not go 
down the mine, until finally Mackey offered to bet $1,000 
that she would go. In the same joking way the bet was 
taken by the General, but he did not have the money. It 
would be useless to apply to a newspaper man for money, 
he said, and no one else would loan it to him; so, offering 
some old Japanese coins for security, we started down. But 
Mrs. Grant did go; and, descending swiftly in the iron 
<jage, we commisserated the General on his loss. 

''"Well," he said, "a thousand dollars is a good deal of 
money to lose, but I guess it will stop Mrs. Grant's shop- 
ping awhile, and it is the first bet I ever heard of where 
both sides were winners." 

Down we glide as smoothly as in one of your hotel ele- 



AROUND THE WOULD. 



■>o-:, 



-vators, to the first level, 1,800 feet below. Here we leave 
our overcoats, which we had pul on for the cold ride down 
the shaft. A.8 the General starts off he calls back to his 

3on: 

•vBud. bring some cigars." 
• You can not smoke here." say.- Mrs. Grant. 
"Well, I'll try," answers the General, in so emphatic a 

tone that some one raises a laugh by adding, "if it takes 
all summer." 

Through subterranean and devious paths we follow Mr. 
Hugh Lamb, the obliging foreman. We examine the vast 
"bodies of ore which we encounter, and General Grant 
splashes through the water, knocks pieces of ore off with 
a pick, and is full of curious questions about the cost of 
mining and milling, the character of the rock, the yield 
per month, etc., etc. We are getting so far down now that 
the natural heat of the earth is becoming unpleasant, and 
Mrs. Grant, who does not seem to enjoy it, says: 

" Oh, why can't we have something else for money, and 
save all this work and trouble." 

' ; Because then it would have to be paper money," an- 
swered the General. 

Mrs. Grant wants to go back to the surface, but the Gen- 
eral says .-he must not put them to that trouble, and. as all 
good wives should, she yields, and we leave the ladies in 
the cleanest place we can find, and go on down. We are 
soon where the thermometer marks :>:> degrees Fahrenheit, 
and the sweat pours oil' us. Wo examine the immense 
system of timbering, and learn that it has required over 
$2,000,000 to put this gigantic mine of gold in shape for 
work. We examine the pump-, and the steam drills with 
their noisy clatter are stopped and run so that the General 
may see how they work. Mr. Mackey, who has been 
through this many times, says it is not warm, but the rest 



204 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

of us sweat and gasp. The General is delighted with the 
''good sweat" he is having, and getting the attention of 
the crowd, he says to Mr. Fair: "There are two newspa- 
per men here and plenty near at hand. Find the hottest 
place you can and let us leave them there." The newspaper 
men say never a word. Again we take the cage, where it 
seems cold as a winter's day, and down two hundred feet 
deeper into the earth we go. Here it is 120 Fahrenheit. 
Workmen, bare to the waist, come forward, saying: 

" General, we have got you here and you will have to 
shake." 

" I like to shake a healthy man's hand," the General says, 
as he looks at their splendid muscular development. 

The water coming from the earth here is so warm that 
you can not bear your hand in it, and men can only work a. 
few minutes when they are cooled off with ice. 

The General thinks it would be a good plan to sentence- 
convicts to work eight hours a day down here. " Any- 
how," he says, red in the face from heat, and wiping his* 
face, " this is the place to leave the newspaper men." 

" Would you not leave the politicians, too?" asked Gov- 
ernor Kinkead. 

" Yes, but there ain't room for all that ought to be put 
here," the General replies, without a smile, and maybe he- 
meant it. But we can not stay here, it is too warm, and 
so we make our way safely to the upper and cooler regions.. 



A Speech of Gen. Grant over 2000 Miles Long — From San 
Francisco to Galena — What He Said. 

In passing from San Francisco to Galena General Grant 
was everywhere most cordially welcomed home. Such an 
ovation has never been witnessed before in the western 
country. The General's remarks, at the numerous towns 



AROUND TUB WORLD. 205 

and stations on the way, were most felicitous, and invari- 
ably called out' the ringing cheers of the multitude. We 
give a number of the principal speeches by the way : 

Farewell to San Francisco. 

Gentlemen of San Fhanoisco : The unbounded hospitality and cordi- 
ality I have received since I first put my foot on the soil of California has 
taken deep root in my heart. It was more than I could have expected, 
and while it has i mailed some little fatigue at times, I assure you I have 
only been gratified for it. I have previously been in California and on 
the Pacific coast, but have been away a quarter of a century, and when 
I lauded here the last time I found that none of the pioneers had grown 
old, but if I should remain another quarter century I might be compelled 
to confess that noae of you had grown old [applause] and I want to see 
you again in your prime and youth. Gentlemen, in taking my departure 
I want to thank you all for the farewell reception given me this evening, 
and to express the hope that whether or not I am to have the happiness 
ever to visit your city again, I shall at least meet one and all of you 
elsewhere, and if it should not be in this life that it may be in the better 

country. 

At Sacramento. 

Of all the hospitality bestowed, all the honor conferred, there has been 
nothing so grateful to my heart as the receptions I have received at the 
hands of the people here. I would not say what has been done abroad. It 
has been all that could be done to mortal, but it has not been done for 
me. It has been done for the people whom I see before me, — for the 
people of a great country that is recognized abroad as one of the greatest 
countries in the world. If we all — every one of us— could see other 
countries, as I have seen them, we would all make better citizens, or, at 
least, the average of our citizens would be better. 

At Fremont. 

Gentlemen :— I am very glad to see you, but your towns in Nebraska 
are too thick for me to talk at every place the train stops. They are 
springing up here so rapidly that I scarcely know the country in passing 
through, although I have been out here three times before. This is my 
fourth trip. 



206 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

" A good many years since I saw you, General," sang out an old farmer 
in the crowd. " I was with you in Mexico." 

"That was a longtime ago, my friend," responded Grant, "but we 
are young men yet." 

" I am over 70," said the farmer, as if doubting that proposition. 

" I am in the fifties yet," responded Grant, pleasantly. 

At Omaha. 

Ladies and Gentlemen op Nebraska and op Omaha: — It would 
be impossible for me to make any number of you hear a word if I had 
anything very special to say. It is cold and windy, and there are multi- 
tudes waiting, and I will only say a few words, and that to express the 
gratification I feel at meeting you all here to-day. I state to ydu in 
addition how glad I am to get back once more upon American soil. 
Wherever I have been in all my travels in the last two and a half years, 
I have found our country most highly spoken of, and I have been, as a 
sort of representative of the country, most elegantly entertained. For 
the many kindnesses that I have received at the hands of foreign nations 
and foreign Princes, I feel gratified myself, and I know that all of you 
do. The welcome given to me there has been a welcome to this grand 
Republic, of which you are all equal representatives with myself. As 
I have had occasion to say several times before, since my arrival in San 
Francisco, we stand well abroad, infinitely better than we did twenty 
years ago, as a nation and as a people; and as a result of that to-day the 
■credit of the United States in the European market is higher than that 
of any country in the world. We are there more highly appreciated 
than we appreciate ouiselves. [Applause and laughter.] Gentlemen, I 
say again that an. highly gratified at meeting you here to-day, and 
thank you [Applause and cheers.] 

At Burlington. 

Members op the School Board and Scholars op the City op 
Burlington : — It gives me great pleasure to meet you and see five thou- 
sand or more of the school children of the City of Burlington, and I 
think if there ever is another war in this country it will be one of ig- 
norance versus intelligence, and in that battle the State of Iowa will 



AROUND THE WOULD. 20? 

achieve a great victory. Furthermore, I think that war will be one <>t 
ignorance and superstition combined against education and intelligence, 
and I am satisfied that the children here will enroll in the army of 
intelligence and wipe out the common enemy, ignorance. I thank you 
for your kind attention. 

At Galesburg. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: — It would be impossible to make myself 
heard by all of you, or a large portion of you, even if I was in the 
habit of public speaking. I will do no more, therefore, than thank 
you for turning out at this time of night to welcome me on my way to 
my home, and I will say to you that in the two and a half years that I 
have been away from you I have had a very pleasant time. I have seen, 
a great many pleasant people, and I have been very well received at 
every place I have been as a mark of respect and honor to the great 
country which you helped to make up, but as I have had frequent occa- 
sion to say since my return to my own country, I appreciate the welcome 
which I receive from the sovereigns of my own country above all other 
receptions that they gave us elsewhere. I have had the pleasure of seeing 
the people of Galesburg but on one other occasion. I passed through 
in 18G3, when I thought all the people in the city were about this spot 
I am very glad to see you all again to-night. (Applause and cheers * 

At Home. 

Mr. Mayor, and Ladies and Gentlemen of Galena: — It is with 
extreme embarrassment that I stand here to-day to receive the welcome 
Which you are according me. It is gratifying, but it is difficult for me 
to respond to what I have just heard and to what I See, properly, I can 
say that since I have left here, more than eighteen years ago, it has al- 
ways been a matter of pleasure to me to be able to return again to Galena. 
[Applause.] Now, after an absence of two and a half years from this 
city, having been in almost every country north of the equator, it is with 
special pleasure that I return here again to be greeted by the citizens of 
this city, Jo Daviess County, and the surrounding country. In my 
travels abroad, as has been alluded to by the speaker who has just sat 
down. I have received princely honors, but they have been honors due 



206 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 



to my country, and due to you as citizens and sovereigns of our great 
country. [Cheers.] It but requires a person to travel abroad, and to get 
an insight of life in all of the foreign countries, to appreciate how happy 
we ought to be with the country we have here. It makes better Ameri- 
cans of us all to see the struggling there is, particularly in the Far East, 
to gain what would be a starving support in our own country. It should 
be a gratification to us to feel that we are citizens of this country, where 
want is scarcely known, and where the question of subsistence is not 
one we think of now. Fellow-citizeus I renew to you my thanks for your 
presence and for the welcome which I have received at your hands. [Pro- 
longed applause and cheers.] 

After making the circuit of the glohe, we now take 
our leave of the great General, at his home, with the bend- 
ing skies above as his real and perpetual arch of triumph. 




Arch de Triumph, Paris. 



INTERESTING GRANT TALlKS. 



Interesting Conversations of General Grant with J. Russell Young 

Concerning General Sheridan, Horace Greeley, General 

Sherman, Logan, and Others— The March to the 

S ea _Grant's Mistakes as He Now Sees 

Them, etc., etc. 

During his trip around the world, General Grant fre- 
quently spoke to Mr. Young concerning the great rebellion, 
and freely gave his views of the prominent generals under 
his command, and of other noted persons. Mr. Young has 
reproduced these interesting " talks " in his excellent book, 
from which we take the following extracts: 

General Sheridan. 

" As for Sheridan," said General Grant, " I have only known him in 
the War. He joined my old regiment— the Fourth Infantry— after I 
left it, and so I did not meet him. He is a much younger man than 
Sherman or myself. 

" He graduated ten years after me at West Point. Consequently he 
was not in the Mexican War. The first time I remember seeing Sheri- 
dan was when he was a Captain and acting Quartermaster and Com- 
missary at Halleck's headquarters in the march to Corinth. He was 
then appointed to the Colonelcy of a Michigan regiment. 

" We afterward met at a railway station, when he was moving his 
regiment to join Gordon Granger. I knew I had sent a regiment to join 
Granger, but had not indicated that of Sheridan, and really did not 
wish it to leave. I spoke to Sheridan, and he said he would rather go 
than stay, or some such answer, which was brusque and rough, and an- 
noyed me. I don't think Sheridan could have said anything to have 
made a worse impression on me. But I watched his career, and I saw 
how much there was in him. So when I came East, and took command, 
I looked round for a cavalry commander. 

41 1 was standing in front of the White House talking to Mr. Lincoln 

14 209 



210 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

and General Halleck. I said I wanted the best man I could find for the 
cavalry. 
" ' Then,' said Halleck, ' why not take Phil Sheridan ?' 
" ' Well,' I said, ' I was just going to say Phil Sheridan.' 
" So Sheridan was sent for, and he came, very much disgusted. He 
was just about to have a corps, and he did not know why we wanted him 
East, whether it was to discipline him," said the General, laughing, "or 
not. But he came and took the command, and came out of the War 
with a record that entitled him to his rank. 

" As a soldier, as a commander of troops, as a man capable of doing 
all that is possible with any number of men, there is no man living 
greater than Sheridan. He belongs to the very first rank of soldiers, 
not only of our country, but of the world. 

" I rank Sheridan with Napoleon and Frederick and the great com- 
manders in history. No man ever had such a faculty of finding out 
things as Sheridan — of knowing all about the enemy. He was always 
the best-informed man in his command as to the enemy. Then he had 
that magnetic quality of swaying men which I wish I had — a rare 
quality in a general. I don't think any one can give Sheridan too high 
praise. When I made him Lieutenant-General there was some criti- 
cism. Why not Thomas or Meade ? I have the utmost respect for those 
generals, no one has more; but when the task of selection came, I could 
not put any man ahead of Sheridan. He ranked Thomas. He had 
waived his rank to Meade, and I did not think his magnanimity in 
waiving rank to Meade should operate against him when the time came 
for awarding the higher honors of the War. 

" It was no desire on my part to withhold honor from Thomas or 
Meade, but to do justice to a man whom I regarded then, as I regard 
him now, not only as one of the great soldiers of America, but as one 
of the greatest soldiers of the world, worthy to stand in the very highest 
rank. 

General Grant and Horace Greeley. 

" I never knew Greeley well," said the General, " and don't think I 
ever met him until after I was elected President. But I had a great re- 
spect for his character. I was raised in an Old-Line Whig family, my 
father being an active man in the Whig party — attending conventions 
and writing resolutions. So that all of my earliest predilections were 
for Mr. Greeley and his principles. I tried very hard to be friendly 
with Mr. Greeley, and went out of my way to court him ; but somehow 
we never became cordial. I invited him to the White House, and he- 
dined with me. 



INTERESTING GRANT TALKS. 211 

"Greeley bad strange notions about tbc kind of men wbo should take 
office. He believed that when a man was a helpless creature, who could 
do nothing but burden his friends, and was drifting between the jail and 
the poor-house, he should have an office. For good men to hold office 
was in bis mind a degradation. 

" I remember on one occasion meeting him on the train between 
"Washington and New York. I had a special car, and sent for him to 
come in. We talked all the way. He laid down this doctrine. I said, 
laughingly: 

♦"That, Mr. Greeley, accounts for your always pushing so-and-so,' 
naming one of his herd of worthless men who were always hanging 
about the Washington hotels with letters of recommendation from him 
in their pockets. 

"He was much annoyed at my personal application, although I had 
no idea of offending him. I don't think he ever quite forgave me for 
my railery. Greeley was a man of great influence and capacity ; but I 
think that in his latter years, at least when I knew him, he was suffering 
from the mental disease from which he died. He made suggestions to 
me, and recommendations to office, of the most extraordinary character, 
that he never could have conceived in a healthy frame of mind. I should 
like to have known him earlier when he was himself. 

" If he had been elected President he never could have lived through 
his term, and the Government would really have been in the hands of 
Gratz Brown." 

General Sherman, Logan, and Blair. 
" So far as the War is concerned," said General Grant, " I think his- 
tory will more than approve the places given to Sherman and Sher. 
idan. Sherman I have known for thirty-rive years. During that time 
there never was but one cloud over our friendship, and that," said the 
General, laughing, " lasted about three weeks. 

" When Sherman's book came out, General Boynton, the correspond- 
ent, printed some letters about it. In these Sherman was made to dis- 
parage his comrades, and to disparage me especially. I can not tell 
you how much I was shocked. But there were the letters and the ex- 
tracts. I could not believe it in Sherman, the man whom I had always 
found so true and so knightly, more anxious to honor others than win 
honor for himself. So I sent for the book and resolved to read it over, 
with paper and pencil, and make careful notes, and injustice to my 
comrades and myself prepare a reply. 

•' I do not think I ever ventured upon a more painful duty. I was 
some time about it. I was moving to Long Branch. I had official 
duties, and I am a slow reader. Then I missed the books when I 



212 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

reached the Branch, and had to send for them. So it was three weeks 
before I was through. 

" During these three weeks," replied the General, laughing, " I did 
not see Sherman, and I am glad I did not. My mind was so set by Boyn- 
ton's extracts that I should certainly have been cold to him. But when I 
finished the book I found that I approved every word ; that, apart from 
a few mistakes that any writer would make in so voluminous a work, it 
was a true book, an honorable book, creditable to Sherman, just to his 
companions — to myself, particularly so— just such a book as I expected 
Sherman would write. Then it was.accurate, because Sherman keeps a 
diary, and he compiled the book from notes made at the time. Then he 
is a very accurate man. 

" You can not imagine how pleased I was, for my respect and affec- 
tion for Sherman were so great that I look on these three weeks as 
among the most painful in my remembrance. I wrote Sherman my 
opinion of the book. I told him the only points I objected to were his 
criticisms upon some of our civil soldiers, like Logan and Blair. As a 
matter of fact, there were in the army no two men more loyal than John 
A. Logan and Frank Blair. I knew that Sherman did not mean to dis- 
parage either of them, and that he wrote hastily. 

" Logan did a great work for the Union in bringing Egypt out of the 
Confederacy, which he did ; and he was an admirable soldier, and is, 
as he always has been, an honorable, true man —a perfectly just and fair 
man, whbsejecord in the army was brilliant. 

"Blair alse'did a work in the War entitling him to the respect of 
every soldier. Sherman did not do justice to Burnside; Burnside's fine 
character has sustained him in the respect and esteem of all who knew 
him through the most surprising reverses of fortune. 

" There was a mistake in Sherman's book as to the suggestion of Forts 
Henry and Donelson campaign coming from Halleck. But these are 
mistakes natural to a large book, which Sherman would be the last to 
commit and the first to correct. Taking Sherman's book as a whole it 
is a sound, true, honest work, and a valuable contribution to the history 
of the War." 

The General told his story of the three weeks' cloud as though the rec- 
ollection amused him. " Sherman," he said, " is not only a great sol- 
dier, but a great man. He is one of the very great men in our country's 
history. He is a many-sided man. He is an orator with few superiors. 
As a writer he is among the first. As a General I know of no man I 
would put above him. Above all he has a fine character — so frank, so 
sincere, so outspoken, so genuine. There is not a false line in Sher. 
man's character — nothing to regret. As a soldier I know his value. I 



INTERESTING GRANT TALKS. 213 

know what he was before Vicksburg. You sec we had two lines to 
maintain. On one side was Pemberton, his army and his works. That 
I was watching. On our rear was Joe Johnston, who might come at 
any time and try and raise the siege. I set Sherman to keep that line 
and watch him. I never bad a moment's care while Sherman was 
there. I don't think Sherman ever went to bed with his clothes off dur- 
ing that campaign, or allowed a night to pass without visiting bis pick- 
ets in person. His industry was prodigious. He worked all the time, 
and with an enthusiasm, a patience, and a good humor that gave him 
great power with his army. 

" There is no man living for whose character I'have a higher respect 
than for that of Sherman. He is not only one of the best men living, 
but one of the greatest we have had in our history." 

General Meade. 

" I have read," said General Grant, " what George Meade has written 
about his father, and his promotion in the army. His statements and 
citations are correct, but he makes a mistake in his inferences if he 
supposes that I could in any way reflect on his father. 

" It was not my fault, nor General Meade's, that Sheridan was con- 
firmed before him as a Major-General. I clid all I could to have Meade 
appointed so as to antedate Sherdan. At the same time, when the per- 
mission of Sheridan was asked, he gave it in a handsome manner. 
When the nomination for Lieutcnaut-General became necessary, I 
would have liked to appoint Meade. If there had been enough to go 
around, there were others I would have promoted with the greatest 
pleasure. But there was only one place, and Sheridan was the man who 
had earned the place. 

" I never could have felt comfortable if I had promoted any one over 
Sheridan, and when the fact that Meade ranked him was advanced as a 
reason, I was bound to remember the manner in which Sheridan had 
agreed to my wish that Meade should take from him a rank that the 
Senate had given him and see that it did not count against him. 

" Meade was certainly among the heroes of the War, and his name 
deserves all honor. I had a great fondness for him. No General ever 
was more earnest. As a commander in the field, he had only one fault — 
his temper. A battle always put him in a fury. He raged from the be- 
ginning to the end. His own staff-officers would dread to bring him a 
report of anything wrong. Meade's anger would overflow on the heads 
of his nearest and best friends. Under this harsh exterior Meade had a 
gentle, chivalrous heart, and was an accomplished soldier and gentle- 
man. He served with me to the end of the War, and to my entire sat- 
isfaction." 



214 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

General Butler. 

" I have always regretted," said General Grant, " the censure that un- 
wittingly came upon Butler in that campaign, and my report was the 
cause. I said that the General was ' hottled up,' and used the phrase 
without meaning to annoy the General; or give his enemies a weapon. 

" I like Butler, and have always found him, not only, as all the world 
knows, a man of great ability, but a patriotic man, and a man of cour- 
age, honor, and sincere convictions. Butler lacked the technical expe- 
rience of a military education, and it is very possible to be a man of 
high parts and not to be a great General. 

" Butler as a General was full of enterprise and resources, and a brave 
man. If I had given him two corps commanders like Adelbert Ames. 
Mackenzie, Weitzcl, or Terry, or a dozen I could mention, he would 
have made a fine campaign on the James, and helped materially in my 
plans. I have always been sorry I did not do so. Butler is a man it is 
a fashion to abuse, but he is a man who has done the country great ser- 
vice, and who is worthy of its gratitude." 

"The March to the Sea." 

" The march to the sea," said General Grant, " is told in Sherman's 
book. Badeau's book will have it more in detail. This whole discus- 
sion, however, only shows how often history is warped and mischief 
made. 

" Men who claim to be admirers of Sherman say that I am robbing 
him of his honors. Men who claim to be admirers of mine say that 
Sherman is robbing me. 

" Between Sherman and myself there never can be any such discus- 
sion, nor could it be between any soldiers. 

"The march to the sea was proposed by me in a letter to Halleck be- 
fore I left the Western army; my objective point was Mobile. It was 
not a sudden inspiration, but a logical move in the game. It was the 
next thing to be done, and the natural thing to be done. We had gone 
so far into the South that we had to go to the sea. We could not go 
anywhere else, for we were certainly not going back. The details of 
the march, the conduct, the whole glory, belong to Sherman. I never 
thought much as to the origin of the idea. I presume it grew up in the 
correspondence and conversations with Sherman ; that it took shape as 
those things always do. Sherman is a man with so many resources, 
and a mind so fertile, that once an idea takes root, it grows rapidly. 

" My objection to Sherman's plan at the time, and my objection now, 
was his leaving Hood's army in his rear. I always wanted the march 
to the sea, but at the same time I wanted Hood. If Hood had been an 



INTERESTING ORjiNT TALKS. 215 

enterprising commander, lie would have given us a great deal of trouble. 
Probably he was controlled from Richmond. As it was, he did the very 
thing I wanted him to do. If 1 had been in Hood's place I would never 
have gone mar Nashville. I would have gone to Louisville, and on 
North until I came to Chicago. What was the use of his knocking his 
head against the stone walls of Nashville. If he had gone North, 
Thomas never would have caught him. We should have had to raise 
new levies. 

1 I was never so anxious during the War as at that time. I urged 
Thomas again and again to move. Finally, I issued an order removing 
him, and not satisfied with that I started West to command his army 
and find Hood. So long as Hood was loose the whole West was in 
danger. When I reached Washington I learned of the battle of Nash- 
ville. The order superseding Thomas was recalled, and I sent Thomas 
a dispatch of congratulation." 

Grant's Two Mistakes. 

" Cold Harbor," said General Grant, " is, I think, the only battle I 
ever fought that I would not fight over again under the circumstances. 

"I have always regretted, also, allowing McClernand to continue his 
attack on the works at Vicksburg. I received a message from him say- 
ing he had carried the works, and wishing for reinforcements. I saw 
very plainly from where I stood that he had not carried them; but on 
conferring with Sherman, who was near me, I came to the conclusion 
that I could not assume the contrary of a statement made by an officer 
high in command, and so allowed the reinforcements to go. The works 
were not carried, and many unnecessary lives were sacrificed. 

" Such things are a part of the horrors of war. They belong to the 
category of mistakes which men necessarily see to have been mistakes 
after the event is over." 

How General Grant Kept His Secrets. 
Some remarks were made, says Mr. Young, about councils of war, 
and how far their deliberations affected an army's movements. " I never 
held a council of war," said General Grant, " in my life. I never heard 
of Sherman or Sheridan doing so. Of course, I heard all that every one 
had to say, and in headquarters there is an interesting and constant 
Btream of talk. But I always made up my mind to act, and the first 
that even my stall' knew (if any movement was when I wrote it out in 
rough and gave it to be copied off. It is always safe in war to keep 
your own council. No man living ever knew what my plans and cam- 
paigns would be until they matured. My orders were generally writ- 
ten in my own handwriting. I never even told General Rawlins until 



216 STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT. 

they were given to him to be copied out. I was always talking and 
conferring with generals, and hearing what one would say and another. 
But the decision was always rny own." 

A Plan that Was Not Followed, and Why, 

I remember, says Mr. Young, asking the General why he had not in- 
vested Richmond as he had invested Vicksburg, and starved out Lee. 
" Such a movement," said the General, "would have involved moving 
my army from the Rapidan to Lynchburg. I considered the plan with 
great care before I made the Wilderness move. I thought of massing 
the Army of the Potomac in movable columns, giving the men twelve 
days' rations, and throwing myself between Lee and his communica- 
tions. If I had made this movement successfully — if I had been as 
fortunate as I was when I threw my army between Pemberton and Joe 
Johnston — the War would have been over a year sooner. I am not 
sure that it was not the best thing to have done; it certainly was the 
plan I should have preferred. If I had failed, however, it would have 
been very serious for the country, and I did not dare the risk. What 
deterred me, however, was the fact that I was new to the army, did not 
have it in hand, and did not know what I could do with the generals or 
men. If it had been six months later, when I had the army in hand, 
and knew what a splendid army it was, and what officers and men were 
capable of doing, and I could have had Sherman and Sheridan to assist 
in the movement, I would not have hesitated for a moment." 

General Thomas. 

"I yield to no one," said General Grant," in my admiration of 
Thomas. He was a fine character, all things considered— his relations 
with the South, his actual sympathies, and his fervent loyalty— one of 
the finest characters in the War. I was fond of him, and it was a severe 
trial for me even to think oi removing him. I mention thatt fact to 
show the extent of my own anxiety about Sherman and Hood. But 
Thomas was an inert man. It was this slowness that led to the stories 
that he meant in the beginning to go with the South. 

" When the War was coming Thomas felt like a Virginian, and talked 
like one, and had all the sentiment then so prevalent about the rights of 
slavery and sovereign States, and so on. But the more Thomas thought 
it over, the more he saw the crime of treason behind it all. And to a 
mind as honest as that of Thomas, the crime of treason would soon ap- 
pear. So by the time Thomas thought it all out, he was as passionate 
and angry in his love for the Union as any one. So he continued dur- 
ing the War. 



THE 




».™^.. 



-A. 3\ri3X7^7" I3NTVEI\rTI01\r 



THAT ENABLES 



ES DEAF 1 ^) 



TO HEAR THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF THE TEETH, AND THE 
DEAF AND DUMB TO HEAK AND LEA UN TO SPEAK. 




A Cuss of Deaf Mutes Lis-e-ing to Music for the First Time, by aid of the Ai'diphonb. 
(From Frank Lcilie's IlluitrateJ Nezvsfaper, Dec. 13, 1379.) 



Invented by RICHARD S. RHODES, Chicago, 111. 



SOLD ONLY BY 

RHODES & McOLURE, 

Mcthodint Church Block, Chicago. 

1S80. 




A Young Lady prom Washington Heights Deaf and Dumb Insti- 
tute, New York City. H baking her Own Voice for the First 
Timk, 



THE AUDIPHONE. 



GOOD NEWS FOR TUB DEAF. 



An Instrument that enables the Deaf to Hear with Ease through 

the Medium of the Teeth, and the Deaf and Dumb 

to Hear and Learn to Speak. 



INVENTED BY R. S. RHODES, CHICAGO, ILLS. 



The Audiphone resembles a fan. It is made of a peculiar composi- 
tion, that, like a telephone diaphragm, gathers the faintest sounds and 
conveys them, through the medium of the teeth and 
auditory nerve, to the brain. 

When in use the instrument is strung, or bent, to 
the proper tension and its upper edge is pressed 
against the ed <re of the upper teeth. See Figs. 1, 2, 3. 






Fig. i. The Audiphone 
in its natural position; 
used as a fan. 



Fig. 3. The Audiphone 
properly adjusted to the 
upper teeth ; ready for 
use. (Side view i 



Fig. 2. The Audiphone 
in tension ; the proper 
position for hearing. 

With ordinarily good upper teeth and auditory nerve the Audiphone 
gives good satisfaction. With artificial teeth, if they tit firmly, it give9 
good results. 

Care should be taken, in all cases, to adjust the instrument properly. 

Persons not accustomed to hearing articulate sounds, or who, 
by the use of ear trumpets, have become accustomed to unnatural sound, 
will generally require a little practice before liny get the full benefit of 
the instrument. 

In all cases the result improves as the instrument is used. Its use 
also improves the natural sense of hearing. 



•3 THE AUDIPBONE. 

FROM PERSONS USING THE AUDIPHONE. 

The following testimony is in all respects authentic, and in every 
instance has come to Rhodes & McClure, unsolicited. The same is 
also true concerning the notices " From the Press." 



" I hear ordinary conversation with ease, and it is a wonder to me every time I use it. 
Sounds that 1 had not heard for years and had quite forgotten came hack distinctly, and 
the more I use it the better I like it. " ABBIE R. bTEVENS, 

" Oct. 9, 1879. " Salem, Mass." 

" I attend church, hear perfectly six pews from the desk, and can not hear the minis- 
ter's voice without the Audiphone. I go to lectures and concerts, and, in short, am 
alive again and a part of the world. Sometimes I think my Audiphone is bewitched, it 
works so well. "ABBIE. R. STEVENS." 

"Dec. 13,1879. I Second Letter.] 

" The Audiphone came O. K. By us aid I am now able to join in general conversa- 
tion, which I have not been able to do for eighteen years. " H. K. I'AYLOK, 
" Nov. 21, 1879. " Cleveland, O." 

" The 'Phone at hand ; and on trial even more satisfactory than could be expected at 
first use. My wife and friends are delighted and enth siastic over it. They are rejoiced 
that I can hear, and I am glad that it no longer requires an effort on their part to enab.e 
me to do so. " E. C. ELY ^irm, Reynolds & Ely). 

"Oct. 4, 1879. " Peoria, Ills." 

" 114 South Twenty First Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 15. 
" Messrs. Rhodes & McClure.— The Audiphone arrived safely, and I hasten 10 assure 
you of its perject success for my hearing. In ordinary conversation I can not use it 
against the eye-teeth as it makes the voices too loud, although the Audiphone is scarcely 
drawn. I entered into general conversa ion with perfect ease, last evening, for the first 
time for five or six years. A melodeon or piano I hear distinctly at great distances. 
Reading aloud is also easily heard. My family and friends are so rejoiced at my success, 
and regard the instrument in wonder. My physician is delighted with it, and thinks, as 
my deafness arose grextly from nervousness, that the Audiphone will stimulate the audi- 
tory nerve, and possibly benefit or restore my sense of*heanng. The terrible strain being 
taken from my mind gives me such rest and good spirits that I almost forget my deafness. 

" Yours very truly, " MRS. F. A. LEX." 

" Messrs. Rhodes & McClure. — The Audiphone. per Adams' Express, arrived all right, 
and my wife is delighted with it. She has been to the theater and other public entertain- 
ments, and for the first time in twelve years was she able to hear all that was said. 
" Dec. 9, 1879. " H. A. BARRY, 26 Post Office Ave., Baltimore, Md." 

" My Audiphone is the wonder of the day. It helps me wonderfully in conversation. 

" B. H. M JLFORD, ESQ., Montrose, Pa." 

" My deafness is of long standing, having originated from an attack of scarlet fever 
more than thirty years ago. The hearing in each ejr is defective and in one almost corns 
pletely impaired. The Audiphone forwarded has been tested in ordinary conversation 
and also by attendance upon the opera and perfectly subserves the purposes for which it 
was intended. My hearing when using the instrument is us acute as though no infirmity 
existed and the effect of the use of the instrument has appreciably toned up and improved 
the auditory organs — so much so as to have attracted the attention of my lamdy. 

" I have exhibited the instrument to several friends afflicted with deafness. Among 
the parties who have determined to use your invention are Judge McCorkle, of California ; 
Gen. Boynton, of the Cincinnati Gazette ; and General Markham, a resident of this city. 
All of these gentlemen are afflicted with defective hearing. 

" G. W. CARTER. 
" Nov. 28, 1879. Washington, D. C. 

" I find that the more accustomed I become to the use of my Audiphone the better 

results do I obtain, and having been quite deaf for over thirty years I can assure you it is 

a great gratification to be able to attend any place where public speaking is going on and 

hear all that is uttered by the speakers— a pleasure that has been denied me all that time, 

Nov. 26, 1879. " JOHN B. SCOTT, New York." 



\ 



PERSONAL TESTIMONY. 3 

•' It answers the purpose admirably. Has created quite a sensation among my friends. 
"Sept. 2i, 1879. " E. F. TEST, Claim Agent, U. R. R. R., " Omaha, Neb." 

" Your Audiphone to hand. The lady (mv sisterl has tried it and finds she can hear 
now in irdinaiv conversation which she can not do without it. I would not part with it for 
, ent ,m-su..ns t . ';W.\V /VANS. 

"Sept , 1879. Grant Locomotive Works, Pater&on, N. J. 

" I procured an Audiphone yesterday and can already hear quite well an ordinary con- 
versation. " HENRY MILNES, Cold Water, Mich." 

" Music clear in any part of the room. To say that I am gratified wouUl only express 
moderately how I feel. " G. H. PAINE, Frecmo.it, Neb., Sept. 30, 1879." 

"The Audiphone is a great benefit to me. Without it music is a confused murmur 
of sounds • with it I can hear the different parts as well as I ever could. 

" Dec. 6, 1879. " ABBIE WEST, Canton. Ills." 

•' I am satisfied from experiments which I have witnessed that, excepting instances in 
which the Auditory nerve is totally paralyzed, all the deaf may, by its help, be enabled to 
hear and intelligently converse. " REV. S. H. WELLER, D.D., Morrison, Ills." 

" I have been deaf for thirty years, but can now hear distinctly with the Audiphone. 

"JOHN ATKINSON, 
" Sept. 19, 1879. " Sec, Treas. and Sup't Racine (Wis.) Gaslight Co." 

"St. Joseph's Institute, 
" Fordham, (near New York City,) Dec. 4. 1879. 

"On Tuesday, the 2d inst., the Audiphone was tested by a number of pupils of the 
Institute with the following results : ... 

"Cecilia Lynch, aged 16, is supposed to have been deaf from birth. It has, however, 
been remarked that she could hear very loud sounds and could sometimes distinguish her 
own name if spoken in a loud tone by a person quite close to her. She says also that 
she sometimes hears the strains of the organ in the chapel, but so far from deriving any 
pleasure from the music the confused sounds are very disagreeable to her. By the use of 
the Audiphone she not only heard distinctly but could repeat almost every word spoken 
to her. As she has been instructed in articulation and reads easily from the lips it was 
•thought that this knowledge assisted her. One of the persons present then stood behind 
her and repeated several words which she readily imitated, thus proving, beyond a doubt, 
the value of the Audiphone. ... 

" Annie Toohey, aged 10 years, became deaf at the age of three from spinal meningitis. 
It was supposed that her hearing was completely destroyed, but on applying the Audiphone 
to her teeth she heard and distinctly repeated after Mr. Rhodes several of the letters of the 
alphabet. This little girl has begun to make considerable progress in articulation, but up 
to the d.iy on which she tried the Audiphone the vowel B appeared to be an insurmount- 
able difficulty to her ; by the aid of the Audiphone she repeated it with perfect dist m< :l 

" Another little girl, Sarah Flamming, also heard the voice of Mr. Rhodes and others 
who spoke to her. As in the preceding case, her deafness was caused by spinal menin- 
gitis, by which she was attacked when five years of age. By the aid ol the Audiphone 
she was able to repeat several sounds. 

"Several others tested the Audiphone with more or less success. 

••MARY B. .MORGAN, Principal." 

In a later letter (Dec. 12> Miss Morgan states: "No doubt the Audiphone will be of 
great service to our pupils." 

" Western and Atlantic R. Co. Office Treasurer. 

" Atlanta. Ga., Nov. 18, 1879. 
" Messrs. Rhodes & McClure.— Will you please send me a Conversational Audiphonr 
by Express C. O. D., the price of which is $10. as per advertisement. 

" Very respectfully, 
"W. C. MERRILL. Sec. and Treas. W. & A. R. Co." 

" Please send me another Conversational Audiphone by Express." — (Telegram from 
W. C. Merrill, Nov. 24, 1879.) 

" Please send me Concert Audiphone by Expr egram from same, Dtc. 9.) 

"licasesend me Conversational Audiphone by Express."— {Telegram from same, De- 
cember 12. 1 rS.B. — Mr. Merrill is not an agent. He purchased these Audiphones, per 
telegram, for friends who had seen his instrument.] 

" R. S Rhodes. Fsq— Dear Sir.— I avail myself of this opportunity to tender to you my 
•best wisln-s for the SUI • es* of vour philanthropic invention. 

"Yours, -JAMES J. BARCLAY. 

*' Dec. 9, 1879. "Sec. Pcnn. Institute for Deaf and Dumb, Philadelphia." 



4 THE AUDIPHONE. 

FROM THE PRESS. 

" We have seen and tested the Audiphone, to which we feel under obligations be- 
cause alone of the magical and blessed boon it has proved to several loved personal friends. 
In some cases the relief has been instantaneous, magical, and, to the patients, overwhelm- 
ing. We have seen friends burst into glad tears and sink quietly to the floor under the 
glad stroke of gratitude and joy." — N. W. C. Advocate (from the Editor, Dr. Edwards). 

" Each note of the musician and each tone of the singer come as clearly and distinctly 
as they did before my sense of hearing was impaired." — Hon. Joseph Medill, Editor 
Chicago Tribune. 

" A man deafer than Edison has shown, by the Audiphone, that people born deaf or 
made deaf by disease, can actually be made to hear to a greater or less extent." — Detroit 
Free Press. Nov. 25, 1879. 

" It is valuable, and will materially help in the education of children like those at the 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and will doubtless prove an effective aid to the many people of 
impaired hearing. Its discovery therefore is a cause for congratulation, and its attractive 
appearance and convenience for use, so different from the old-fashioned ear trumpet, will 
serve to bring it largely into u=e." — Hartford {Conn.) Courant. 

" Deaf mutes were able to hear the music of the piano when at a considerable distance 
from the instrument." — N. Y. Observer 1 s Report of Private Exhibition. 

" This wonderful invention promises to be one of great value," — Illustrated N. Y. 
Christian Weekly. 

"Mr. Rhodes has shown that people born deaf, or made deaf by disease, can actually 
be made to hear. 1 ' — New York World. 

"Tests were satisfactorily applied to several members of a class of deaf mutes who were 
present, and the pleasure at hearing sound evinced by one young girl was most interest- 
ing and touching. A new organ, or a new use for an organ, is discovered, if not created." 
— From Jenny June's Letter in Baltimore American. Dec. 1, 1879. 

" Mr. James Samuelson exhibited, in the Lecture Hall of the Free Library, Liverpool, 
England, an instrument designed as an aid to the deaf — the Audiphone -which he met 
with during his late visit to America. . . . The general result appeared to be that, 
provided the auditory nerve itself was in a healthy condition, the Audiphone was of great 
assistance to deaf persons." — Liverpool Daily Post. Dec. 2, 1879. 

" No spectacles will give a blind man sight, but the new instrument does give a deaf 
man hearing." — The Interior. Sept. 8, 1879. 

" We have seen persons hear sound in this way (with Audiphone) who never knew 
what sound was." — Advance. 

" Catharine Lewis, a young lady, also an inmate of the Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb at Philadelphia, ordinarily was able to hear a very loud voice. With the Audi- 
phone she could hear and repeat words uttered in a conversational key." — Philadelphia- 
Record's Report of Exhibition in Philadelphia. Dec. 9, 1879. 

" Not a fe* of the interested auditors were enabled to follow the proceedings by means 
of Audiphones, and all such cheerfully added their testimony to the great amelioration of 
what was, in some, cases, almost total deafness of many years' standing."— Philadelphia 
Times' Report of'Philadelphian Exhibition. Dec. 9, 1879. 

" At last the deaf are made to hear. Failing to hear through the front door of the 
ear the Audiphone carries it to the back." — Concord (N. H.) Daily Monitor. Novem- 
ber 25, 1879. 

" The deaf-mutes were enabled to distinguish the difference between sounds, and en- 
joyed the singing of one of the ladies." — New York Tribune's Report of Exhibition. 
Nov. 22, 1879. 

" The mutes tested the Audiphone. A young man who had been deaf from infancy 
heard words spoken in the tone of ordinary conversation." — New York Sun's Report of 
Exhibition. Nov. 22, 1879. 

"In this invention Mr. Rhodes has proved himself a benefactor." — The Standard. 
Sept, 25, 1879. 

" A very valuable Invention." — Evening (Milwaukee) Wisconsin, Editor, J. F. 
Cramer. Oct. 1, 1879. 

" The fact of hearing through the medium of the teeth has long been known, but it 
has remained for the inventor of the Audiphone to utilize this fact for the benefit of the 
afflicted." — New York Star. Nov. 22, 1879. 

" A class of deaf-mutes from the Washington Heights Asylum were present, and the 
tests with them were quite satisfactory. Some heard the notes of the piano for the first 
time." — New York Evangelist's Report of New York Exhibition. Nov. 27, 1879. 



FROM TIIK PRE 5 

M Seems to discount any of the instruments invented by Edison to aid the hearing." — 
AV:c Orleans Times. Nov. 27, 1879. 

" The invention will have practical value." — AVjh i'ori Herald. 

" It is all the inventor claims it to be." EvansvilU < Ir.d.) Journal. Nov. 30, 1379. 

'• The Trial was an eminent success." — Boston Traveler. Dec. 2, 1879. 

" It has been tested with remirkable results in the Indiana Institute for the Deaf." — 
Dr. Foote's Health Monthly. December, 1879. 

"The Audiphone, for the deaf, is likely to supersede the ear trumpet altogether; is 
not at all objectionable to carry or to use. and-enables thousands who never heard a sound 
in their lives to distinguish letters, woids and music for the first time." — Church Union. 
November 29, 1879. 

" Immense value for the deaf." — The Faderneslandet. Sept., 1879. 

" The deaf, who had only heard conversation by its being shouted in a very loud tone 
or by the u<e of the ear trumpet, found that they could hear conversation in the ordinary 
tone with considerable ease.'. — Providence (R. I.) Journal Report 0/ Experiments in 
Providence, R. I. 

" Has proved a signal success." — Albany {N. Y.) Press. 

" Would be easily mistaken for a fan." — Democrat and Chronicle. 

" In many cases of deafness, where the auditory nerve istimpaired, the Audiphone can 
he of no avail ; but where, as is often the case, the defect is only in those parts of the ear 
by which vibrations are conveyed to the nerve from without, this invention will prove a 
great boon." — Washington (D C.) Post. Oct. 27, 1879. 

" Will practically restore to speech and hearing a large class of afflicted persons." — 
Toronto {Canada) Mail. Dec. 5, 1879. 

" Great benefit to those partially deaf." — Providence {R. I.) Journal. Nov 6, 1879. 

" Earlier reports are fully borne out by later experiments." — Denver Times. Decem- 
ber 6, 1879. 

" Mr Rhodes was warmly congratulated by the company, and Mr. Peter Cooper spoke 
of his invention as a blessing and a godsend to the afflicted." — Correspondent' s Report 0/ 
Nezu York Exhibition, in Chicago I nter-Ocean. Nov. 29. 

" A new and ingenious device by which the deaf are enabled to hear through the 
medium of the teeth." — New York Graphic. Nov. 21, 1879. 

" One of the wonders of this day of telephones, phonographs and the like, is the 
Audiphone, invented by Richard S. Rhodes, of Chicago, which enables deaf people to 
hear with their teeth. People who have once heard, but have grown deaf, and thus know 
the meaning of sounds and can talk themselves, practically have perfect hearing restored 
by the use of the Audiphone." — Springfield Republican. 

" Had it in our possession not more than two minutes before we were satisfied that it 
•was at least all that we anticipated, but have since found it to be much superior to antici- 
pations. Besides, we find it to improve by use, also to improve our natural hearing, which 
is remarkable." — Editor Germantozun Telegraph, Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1879. 

" With a little practice the sounds thus received are interpreted the same as if they 
reached the nerves of hearing through the ear." — Scientific American. 



The Audiphone is Patented throughout the civilized world. 



PRICE: 

Conversational, plain $10 

Conversational, ornamental $15, $25 and $50 

(According to Decoration.) 
Double Audiphone (for Deaf Mutes, enabling them to hear their own voice) $15 

The Audiphone will he sent to any address, on receipt of price, by 
RHODES & McCLURE, 

Agents for the World, 
Methodist Church Block, - - CHICAGO, ILL. 

(Andlphonc Parlor*. Adjacent to the Office.) 



NEW AND POPULAR BOOKS 



P< It! IMII l> ItY 



RHODES & McCLURE, 

R ;I.Mc H c L D u E RE.f Methodist Church Block, Chicago. 



j 



EDISON AXD HIS INVENTIONS. Svo., 178 pages. 

Illustrated. Edited by J. B. McCLURE. 

This book contains the many interesting incidents, and all the essential facts, connected 
with the life of the gre.it inventor, together with a full explanation of his principal inven- 
tions, including the phonograph, telephone, and electric light, which are explained by 
the aid of diagrams. — Preface. 

A very readable book. — The Standard. 

Full of valuable instruction. — The Inter-Ocean. 

Authentic information that relates to the man and his work.— Chicago Evening 
Journal. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Pap*er Covers, 35 cents. 



LINCOLN'S STORIES. Svo., 192 pages. Illustrated. Edited 
by J. B. McClure. 

J. B, McClure, who has become the most successful compiler of idle hour books in this 
country, has made another hit with a large collection of "Lincoln's Stories." Mr. 
McClure sells his books by the ten thousand. His compilations have decided merit. 
They are always of a pure, moral, and religious tone, and they hit the popular fancy.— 
The Interior. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Paper Covers, 35 cents. 



MISTAKES OF IXGERSOL.L, (No. i), as shown by Prof. 
Swing, W. H. Ryder, D.D., Brooke Herford, D.D., J. Monro Gibson, 
D.D., Rabbi Wise, and Others ; including also Mr. Ingersoll's Lecture, 
entitled, "THE MISTAKES OF MOSES." 8vo., 1 23 pages. Illus- 
trated. Edited by J. B. McClure. 

Bound in Paper Covers, Price 35 cents. 



MISTAKES OF IX.I ItSOLL (No. 2,, as shown by Rev. 
W. F. Crafts, Chaplain C. C. McCabe, D.D.. Arthnr Swazey, D.D., 
Robert Collyer, D.D., Fred. Perry Powers, and Others ; including also 
Mr. Ingersoll's Lecture., entitled "SKULLS," and his Rei-lies to 
Prof. Swing, Dr. Ryder, Dr. Herford, Dr. Thomas, Dr. Collyer, and 
other Critics; Ingersoll's Funeral Oration at his brother's grave, together 
with Henry Ward Beecher's and Hon. Isaac N. Arnold's comments on 
the same. Svo., 150 pages. Illustrated. Edited by J. B. McClurb. 
Bound in Paper Covsrs, 35 cents. 



MISTAKES OF INGERSOEE and INGERSOIX'S 

ANSWERS. 8vo., 278 pages. Illustrated. Edited by J. B. 
McClure. (This volume includes the full contents of Nos. 1 and 2 — 
two volumes in one.) 

The collection is timely and creditable, and its fairness in presenting both the text 
and comments is commendable. — Chicago Evening "Journal. 

An interesting book ; it is not often that a public character like this famous lecturer is 
subjected to criticism, which is at once so fair and so acute, so civil in manner, and yetso 
just, as in these instances. — Advance. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, $2.00. 



ENTERTAINING ANECDOTES. 8vo., 256 pages. Illus- 
trated. Edited by J. B. McClure. This volume includes Anecdotes 
of Noted Persons, Amusing Stories, Animal Stories, Love Stories, 
Falling Leaves, etc., from every available source. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Paper Covers, 35 cents. 



MOODY'S CHILD STORIES : or. STORIES OF 

CHILDREN. 8vo., 150 pages. Handsomely Illustrated. Edited 
by J. B. McClure. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Paper Covers, 35 cents. 



MOODY'S ANECDOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 

8vo., 200 pages. Illustrated. Comprising all of Mr. Moody's Anecdotes 
and Illustrations used by him in his revival work in Europe and 
America, including his recent work in Boston ; also, Engravings of 
Messrs. Moody, Sankey, Whittle, and Bliss, Moody's Church, Chicago 
Tabernacle, Farwell Hall, etc. 

A handsome and handy volume which many will prize. — New York Evangelist. 

It is a good insight into the workings and teachings of the great Evangelist. — Nev. 
Orleans Daily Democrat. 

A book of Anecdotes which have thrilled hundreds of thousands. — Presbyterian 
Banner. 

Excellent reading. — Standard. 

An attractive volume. — Chicago Evening Journal. 

Contains the pith of Moody's theology, methods, and eloquence. — Interior. 

The book has been compiled by Rev. J. B. McClure, whose scholarship and journalistic 
experience perfectly fit him to do the work discriminatingly and well. — N. IV. Christian 
Advocate (Methodist). 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Paper Covers, 35 cents. 



STORIES AND SKETCHES OF GEN. GRANT, 

At Home and Abroad, -in Peace and in War, including his trip around the world, 
and all the interesting anecdotes, incidents and events of his life. 8vo., 216 pages. 
Handsomely illustrated. Edited by J. B. McClure. 

Price, in Cloth, fine, 75 cents. Paper Covers, 35 cents. 



ANY OF THE ABOTE BOOKS WILE BE SENT BY MAIL, POST 
PAID, ON RECEIPT OP PRICE. 



RHODES & McCLURE, Publishers, 

Methodist Church Block, Chicago; 111. 



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